महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-42, verse-1

सूत उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा जरत्कारुर्दुःखशोकपरायणः ।
उवाच स्वान्पितॄन्दुःखाद्बाष्पसंदिग्धया गिरा ॥१॥

1. sūta uvāca ,
etacchrutvā jaratkārurduḥkhaśokaparāyaṇaḥ ,
uvāca svānpitṝnduḥkhādbāṣpasaṁdigdhayā girā.

1. sūtaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā jaratkāruḥ duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇaḥ
uvāca svān pitṝn duḥkhāt bāṣpasaṃdigdhayā girā

1. Sūta said: Having heard this, Jarātkāru, overwhelmed by sorrow and grief, spoke to his own ancestors out of distress, with a voice choked with tears.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator) (charioteer, bard, narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• एतत् (etat) - this (the ancestors' message) (this)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (the message) (having heard)

• जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - Jarātkāru

• दुःखशोकपरायणः (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇaḥ) - overwhelmed by sorrow and grief (devoted to sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by sorrow and grief)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

• स्वान् (svān) - his own (ancestors) (his own)

• पितॄन् (pitṝn) - his (own) ancestors (ancestors, fathers)

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - out of distress/sorrow (from sorrow, out of distress)

• बाष्पसंदिग्धया (bāṣpasaṁdigdhayā) - with a voice choked with tears (by a voice indistinct with tears, with a tear-choked voice)

• गिरा (girā) - with a voice (by speech, with a voice)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator) (charioteer, bard, narrator)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, narrator (name of a class of storytellers)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate for sūtaḥ.

एतत् (etat) - this (the ancestors' message) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, here, the present

Note: Object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (the message) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

from root śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Describes Jarātkāru's action before speaking.

जरत्कारुः (jaratkāruḥ) - Jarātkāru

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaratkāru

jaratkāru - Jarātkāru (name of an ascetic)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

दुःखशोकपरायणः (duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇaḥ) - overwhelmed by sorrow and grief (devoted to sorrow and grief, overwhelmed by sorrow and grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa

duḥkhaśokaparāyaṇa - devoted to sorrow and grief, immersed in distress and lamentation

compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+parāyaṇa)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow, grief
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chiefly devoted to, intent on, dependent on, ultimate goal
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: parā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with jaratkāruḥ.

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Predicate for jaratkāruḥ.

स्वान् (svān) - his own (ancestors) (his own)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Note: Agrees with pitṝn.

पितॄन् (pitṝn) - his (own) ancestors (ancestors, fathers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefathers

Note: Object of uvāca.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - out of distress/sorrow (from sorrow, out of distress)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, distress

Note: Indicates the reason for speaking.

बाष्पसंदिग्धया (bāṣpasaṁdigdhayā) - with a voice choked with tears (by a voice indistinct with tears, with a tear-choked voice)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bāṣpasaṃdigdha

bāṣpasaṁdigdha - indistinct with tears, choked with tears

compound

compound of bāṣpa (tears) and saṃdigdha (indistinct, choked)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+saṃdigdha)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• saṃdigdha – doubtful, uncertain, indistinct, choked
  adjective (feminine)
  past passive participle
  from root dih (to smear, to thicken) with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dih (class 1)

Note: Agrees with girā.

गिरा (girā) - with a voice (by speech, with a voice)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, voice, word

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Refers to the manner of speaking.