महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-210, verse-13

स कथाः कथयन्नेव निद्रया जनमेजय ।
कौन्तेयोऽपहृतस्तस्मिञ्शयने स्वर्गसंमिते ॥१३॥

13. sa kathāḥ kathayanneva nidrayā janamejaya ,
kaunteyo'pahṛtastasmiñśayane svargasaṁmite.

13. saḥ kathāḥ kathayan eva nidrayā janamejaya
kaunteyaḥ apahṛtaḥ tasmin śayane svargasaṃmite

13. O Janamejaya, while he was thus narrating stories, the son of Kuntī (Arjuna) was overcome by sleep on that heavenly bed.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he, that)

• कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, tales, narratives

• कथयन् (kathayan) - narrating, telling, speaking

• एव (eva) - just, indeed, only

• निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep, due to sleep

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya

• कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī)

• अपहृतः (apahṛtaḥ) - carried away, overcome, abducted

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that, in that

• शयने (śayane) - on the bed, in the bed

• स्वर्गसंमिते (svargasaṁmite) - resembling heaven, heavenly

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कथाः (kathāḥ) - stories, tales, narratives

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, speech

From root kath (to tell).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Object of kathayan.

कथयन् (kathayan) - narrating, telling, speaking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kathayat

kathayat - telling, narrating, speaking

Present Active Participle

From causative stem kathaya (from root kath, to tell) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

एव (eva) - just, indeed, only

(indeclinable)

निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep, due to sleep

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep, slumber

From root drā (to sleep) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: drā (class 2)

Note: Indicates the agent/cause of being overcome.

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - O Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (a king, the recipient of the Mahābhārata narration)

'Whose prosperity is among people' or 'who trembles people'.

कौन्तेयः (kaunteyaḥ) - Arjuna (son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, or Arjuna

From kuntī + ḍhak (or ḍeya) suffix (descendant).

Note: Subject of apahṛtaḥ.

अपहृतः (apahṛtaḥ) - carried away, overcome, abducted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - carried away, removed, abducted, overcome, captured

Past Passive Participle

From prefix apa- + root hṛ (to carry, take) + kta suffix.

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies kaunteyaḥ.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - on that, in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to śayane.

शयने (śayane) - on the bed, in the bed

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - bed, couch, lying down, sleeping

From root śī (to lie down, sleep) + lyuṭ suffix.

Root: śī (class 2)

स्वर्गसंमिते (svargasaṁmite) - resembling heaven, heavenly

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of svargasaṃmita

svargasaṁmita - resembling heaven, comparable to heaven, heavenly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or bahuvrīhi (svarga+saṃmita)

• svarga – heaven, paradise, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• saṃmita – measured, compared, resembling
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From prefix sam- + root mā (to measure) + kta suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies śayane.