महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-191, verse-8

अतिथीनागतान्साधून्बालान्वृद्धान्गुरूंस्तथा ।
पूजयन्त्या यथान्यायं शश्वद्गच्छन्तु ते समाः ॥८॥

8. atithīnāgatānsādhūnbālānvṛddhāngurūṁstathā ,
pūjayantyā yathānyāyaṁ śaśvadgacchantu te samāḥ.

8. atithīn āgatān sādhūn bālān vṛddhān gurūn tathā
pūjayantyā yathānyāyam śaśvat gacchantu te samāḥ

8. May those years always be attained by one who properly honors arriving guests, virtuous people, children, elders, and also teachers (guru).

Words meanings summery:

• अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests, strangers

• आगतान् (āgatān) - arrived, come, approached

• साधून् (sādhūn) - virtuous people, good persons, ascetics

• बालान् (bālān) - children, young ones

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, old persons

• गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers, spiritual preceptors

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, and also, in that way)

• पूजयन्त्या (pūjayantyā) - by honoring, by worshiping (feminine)

• यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - properly, duly, according to justice/rule

• शश्वत् (śaśvat) - always, constantly, perpetually

• गच्छन्तु (gacchantu) - may they come (or be obtained) (let them go, may they come)

• ते (te) - Refers to samāḥ (years). (those, them)

• समाः (samāḥ) - years, seasons

Words meanings and morphology

अतिथीन् (atithīn) - guests, strangers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of atithi

atithi - guest, stranger, one who comes without a fixed date

आगतान् (āgatān) - arrived, come, approached

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, returned, reached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root gam with prefix ā, suffix kta (ta)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies atithīn

साधून् (sādhūn) - virtuous people, good persons, ascetics

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, ascetic

बालान् (bālān) - children, young ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, ignorant

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - elders, old persons

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise, elder

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied noun (people).

गुरून् (gurūn) - teachers, spiritual preceptors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person, heavy, weighty

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, and also, in that way)

(indeclinable)

पूजयन्त्या (pūjayantyā) - by honoring, by worshiping (feminine)

(participle)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of pūjayantī

pūjayantī - honoring, worshiping, revering

Present Active Participle

From root pūj (to honor/worship), formed with suffix śatṛ (ant) + feminine suffix ī

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Often used adverbially or in absolute constructions.

यथान्यायम् (yathānyāyam) - properly, duly, according to justice/rule

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+nyāya)

• yathā – as, according to, in which way
  indeclinable
• nyāya – rule, method, justice, logic, propriety
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial.

शश्वत् (śaśvat) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

गच्छन्तु (gacchantu) - may they come (or be obtained) (let them go, may they come)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present imperative (loṭ) of gam

Present Tense, Third Person, Plural, Imperative Mood

gam (root) + a (thematic vowel) + anti (plural ending) -> gaccha + antu -> gacchantu

Root: gam (class 1)

ते (te) - Refers to samāḥ (years). (those, them)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Qualifies samāḥ.

समाः (samāḥ) - years, seasons

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of samā

samā - year, season

Note: Subject of gacchantu.