महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-159, verse-14

यस्तु स्यात्क्षत्रियः कश्चित्कामवृत्तः परंतप ।
नक्तं च युधि युध्येत न स जीवेत्कथंचन ॥१४॥

14. yastu syātkṣatriyaḥ kaścitkāmavṛttaḥ paraṁtapa ,
naktaṁ ca yudhi yudhyeta na sa jīvetkathaṁcana.

14. yaḥ tu syāt kṣatriyaḥ kaścit kāma-vṛttaḥ paraṃ-tapa
| naktaṃ ca yudhi yudhyeta na saḥ jīvet kathaṃcana

14. But any warrior (kṣatriya), O tormentor of foes, who acts according to his desires and fights at night in battle, will certainly not survive.

14. אך לוחם שנוהג כרצונו ללא רסן, הו מכלה אויבים, ויוצא להילחם גם בלילה, לא יישאר בחיים בשום אופן.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, should be

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a warrior, a member of the warrior class

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, any, certain

• काम-वृत्तः (kāma-vṛttaḥ) - acting as he pleases, self-willed, licentious

• परं-तप (paraṁ-tapa) - O Arjuna (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

• नक्तं (naktaṁ) - at night

• च (ca) - and

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• युध्येत (yudhyeta) - he would fight, he should fight

• न (na) - not

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• जीवेत् (jīvet) - he would live, he should live

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - certainly not (when used with 'na') (by any means, somehow or other)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, let it be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - a warrior, a member of the warrior class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class, a warrior

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, any, certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain (one)

indefinite pronoun, combination of kim + cid

काम-वृत्तः (kāma-vṛttaḥ) - acting as he pleases, self-willed, licentious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma-vṛtta

kāma-vṛtta - acting according to one's desire, self-willed, licentious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kāma+vṛtta)

• kāma – desire, wish, will
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• vṛtta – conduct, course of action, behaved
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

परं-तप (paraṁ-tapa) - O Arjuna (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃ-tapa

paraṁ-tapa - tormenting foes, subduing enemies

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – enemy, other, alien
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – tormenting, heating, afflicting
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from root tap
  Root: tap (class 1)

नक्तं (naktaṁ) - at night

(indeclinable)

used adverbially (accusative or locative singular neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

युध्येत (yudhyeta) - he would fight, he should fight

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of yudh

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

जीवेत् (jīvet) - he would live, he should live

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - certainly not (when used with 'na') (by any means, somehow or other)

(indeclinable)

Compound of katham (how) and cana (even)

Previous Verse Next Verse