महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-159, verse-12

सोऽहं त्वयेह विजितः संख्ये तापत्यवर्धन ।
येन तेनेह विधिना कीर्त्यमानं निबोध मे ॥१२॥

12. so'haṁ tvayeha vijitaḥ saṁkhye tāpatyavardhana ,
yena teneha vidhinā kīrtyamānaṁ nibodha me.

12. saḥ aham tvayā iha vijitaḥ saṅkhye tāpatya-vardhana
| yena tena iha vidhinā kīrtyamānam nibodha me

12. O enhancer of the Tapati race, I, who am speaking, was conquered by you here in battle. Understand from me the specific reason (vidhinā) for this, which is now being explained.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• अहम् (aham) - I

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• विजितः (vijitaḥ) - conquered, defeated

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in war

• तापत्य-वर्धन (tāpatya-vardhana) - O Arjuna (as a descendant of King Samvarana and Tapati) (O enhancer of the Tapati race)

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• इह (iha) - here, in this matter

• विधिना (vidhinā) - by the specific reason or circumstance (by the rule, by the method, by the ordinance)

• कीर्त्यमानम् (kīrtyamānam) - being proclaimed, being glorified, being recounted

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

• मे (me) - to me, from me, my

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, us

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular/plural)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

विजितः (vijitaḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijita

vijita - conquered, defeated, subdued

past passive participle

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, combat

तापत्य-वर्धन (tāpatya-vardhana) - O Arjuna (as a descendant of King Samvarana and Tapati) (O enhancer of the Tapati race)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāpatya-vardhana

tāpatya-vardhana - enhancer of the Tapati race

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tāpatya+vardhana)

• tāpatya – descendant of Tapati
  proper noun (masculine)
• vardhana – increasing, causing to grow, enhancing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from causative
  From root vṛdh (to grow) with suffix -ana
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

इह (iha) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

विधिना (vidhinā) - by the specific reason or circumstance (by the rule, by the method, by the ordinance)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, method, ordinance, injunction, fate

Root: dhā (class 3)

कीर्त्यमानम् (kīrtyamānam) - being proclaimed, being glorified, being recounted

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kīrtyamāna

kīrtyamāna - being proclaimed, being eulogized, being recited

present passive participle

From causative of root kṛt (kīrt) + yaka + māna

Root: kṛt

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, know, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - to me, from me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, us

Note: Can also be dative