महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-144, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ते वनेन वनं वीरा घ्नन्तो मृगगणान्बहून् ।
अपक्रम्य ययू राजंस्त्वरमाणा महारथाः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
te vanena vanaṁ vīrā ghnanto mṛgagaṇānbahūn ,
apakramya yayū rājaṁstvaramāṇā mahārathāḥ.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca te vanena vanam vīrāḥ ghnantaḥ mṛga-gaṇān
bahūn apa-kramya yayūḥ rājan tvaramāṇāḥ mahā-rathāḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: "O King, those heroes, the great chariot-warriors, traversed from one forest to another, slaying many groups of deer, hurrying along."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ते (te) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (they, those)

• वनेन (vanena) - through the forest (from one forest to another) (by or through the forest)

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (from one forest to another) (forest)

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

• घ्नन्तः (ghnantaḥ) - slaying, killing

• मृग-गणान् (mṛga-gaṇān) - herds of deer, groups of animals

• बहून् (bahūn) - many, much

• अप-क्रम्य (apa-kramya) - having traversed (from one forest to another) (having traversed, having gone away, having avoided)

• ययूः (yayūḥ) - they went

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• त्वरमाणाः (tvaramāṇāḥ) - hurrying, hastening

• महा-रथाः (mahā-rathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors, mighty warriors

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a pupil of Vyāsa and narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - those (Pāṇḍavas) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वनेन (vanena) - through the forest (from one forest to another) (by or through the forest)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (from one forest to another) (forest)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - heroes, brave men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

घ्नन्तः (ghnantaḥ) - slaying, killing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of han

han - to strike, hit, slay, kill

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

मृग-गणान् (mṛga-gaṇān) - herds of deer, groups of animals

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mṛga-gaṇa

mṛga-gaṇa - herd of deer, group of animals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+gaṇa)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal, game
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, herd, troop, class
  noun (masculine)

बहून् (bahūn) - many, much

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

अप-क्रम्य (apa-kramya) - having traversed (from one forest to another) (having traversed, having gone away, having avoided)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

With upasarga apa- it means to go away, withdraw, pass over or through.

Prefix: apa

Root: kram (class 1)

ययूः (yayūḥ) - they went

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

त्वरमाणाः (tvaramāṇāḥ) - hurrying, hastening

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening, quick

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root tvar (to hurry).

Root: tvar (class 1)

महा-रथाः (mahā-rathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahā-ratha

mahā-ratha - great chariot-warrior, mighty warrior, hero

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, war-chariot, warrior
  noun (masculine)