महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-140, verse-21

तमापतन्तं संप्रेक्ष्य भीमः प्रहरतां वरः ।
भर्त्सयामास तेजस्वी तिष्ठ तिष्ठेति चाब्रवीत् ॥२१॥

21. tamāpatantaṁ saṁprekṣya bhīmaḥ praharatāṁ varaḥ ,
bhartsayāmāsa tejasvī tiṣṭha tiṣṭheti cābravīt.

21. tam āpatantam samprekṣya bhīmaḥ praharatām varaḥ
bhartsayām āsa tejasvī tiṣṭha tiṣṭha iti ca abravīt

21. Seeing him (Hiḍimba) rushing towards them, Bhīma, the best of fighters, who was full of vigor, rebuked him and said, 'Stop! Stop!'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing towards (Bhīma) (rushing towards, approaching, falling upon)

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

• प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of those who strike, of fighters

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

• भर्त्सयाम् (bhartsayām) - rebuking, scolding

• आस (āsa) - he was (as auxiliary for periphrastic perfect 'he rebuked') (was, became)

• तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - vigorous, radiant, powerful, splendid

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, remain)

• तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, remain)

• इति (iti) - thus, so (marks quoted speech or thought)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - rushing towards (Bhīma) (rushing towards, approaching, falling upon)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - rushing, approaching, falling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root pat (to fall/fly) with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having seen, having perceived, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with upasargas sam and pra.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhīma (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma (a son of Pāṇḍu and Kuntī, renowned for his strength); formidable, terrible

प्रहरताम् (praharatām) - of those who strike, of fighters

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of praharat

praharat - striking, hitting, fighting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root hṛ (to seize) with upasarga pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, best, excellent, desired

Root: vṛ (class 9)

भर्त्सयाम् (bhartsayām) - rebuking, scolding

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhartsayā

bhartsayā - scolding, threatening, rebuking

Nominal stem used to form periphrastic perfect with an auxiliary verb.

Root: bharts

आस (āsa) - he was (as auxiliary for periphrastic perfect 'he rebuked') (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of as

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular Perfect Tense, active voice. Used here as an auxiliary verb.

Root: as (class 2)

तेजस्वी (tejasvī) - vigorous, radiant, powerful, splendid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tejasvin

tejasvin - vigorous, brilliant, spirited, powerful

Derived from tejas (radiance, power) with suffix -vin.

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, remain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular Imperative Mood, active voice.

Root: sthā (class 1)

तिष्ठ (tiṣṭha) - Stop! (stand, stop, remain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative Mood

2nd person singular Imperative Mood, active voice.

Root: sthā (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so (marks quoted speech or thought)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense

3rd person singular Imperfect Tense, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)