महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-140, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तां विदित्वा चिरगतां हिडिम्बो राक्षसेश्वरः ।
अवतीर्य द्रुमात्तस्मादाजगामाथ पाण्डवान् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tāṁ viditvā ciragatāṁ hiḍimbo rākṣaseśvaraḥ ,
avatīrya drumāttasmādājagāmātha pāṇḍavān.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca tām viditvā ciragatām hiḍimbaḥ
rākṣaseśvaraḥ avatīrya drumāt tasmāt ājagāma atha pāṇḍavān

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Realizing that she had been gone for a long time, Hiḍimba, the lord of the Rākṣasas, then descended from that tree and approached the Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ताम् (tām) - Referring to Hiḍimbā (her)

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood, realizing

• चिरगताम् (ciragatām) - Describing Hiḍimbā (long-delayed, long gone, having been gone for a long time)

• हिडिम्बः (hiḍimbaḥ) - Hiḍimba (name of a Rākṣasa)

• राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - lord of Rākṣasas, king of demons

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having come down

• द्रुमात् (drumāt) - from the tree

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Referring to 'that tree' (from that)

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, approached

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - to the Pāṇḍavas

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana, a celebrated sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ताम् (tām) - Referring to Hiḍimbā (her)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood, realizing

(verb)

absolutive of vid

absolutiv (gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from root vid (class 2) with suffix -tvā.

Root: vid (class 2)

चिरगताम् (ciragatām) - Describing Hiḍimbā (long-delayed, long gone, having been gone for a long time)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ciragata

ciragata - long gone, delayed, having passed a long time

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (cira+gata)

• cira – long, lasting a long time, for a long time
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, passed, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

हिडिम्बः (hiḍimbaḥ) - Hiḍimba (name of a Rākṣasa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiḍimba

hiḍimba - Hiḍimba, a powerful Rākṣasa, brother of Hiḍimbā

राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - lord of Rākṣasas, king of demons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣaseśvara

rākṣaseśvara - lord of Rākṣasas, king of demons

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+īśvara)

• rākṣasa – demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller, supreme being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having come down

(verb)

absolutive of ava-tṛ

absolutiv (gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed from root tṛ (class 1) with prefix ava and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

द्रुमात् (drumāt) - from the tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Referring to 'that tree' (from that)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of ā-gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - to the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, name of the five brothers in Mahābhārata