महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-128, verse-17

हीनं विदित्वा चात्मानं ब्राह्मणेन बलेन च ।
पुत्रजन्म परीप्सन्वै स राजा तदधारयत् ।
अहिच्छत्रं च विषयं द्रोणः समभिपद्यत ॥१७॥

17. hīnaṁ viditvā cātmānaṁ brāhmaṇena balena ca ,
putrajanma parīpsanvai sa rājā tadadhārayat ,
ahicchatraṁ ca viṣayaṁ droṇaḥ samabhipadyata.

17. hīnam viditvā ca ātmānam brāhmaṇena
balena ca putrajanma parīpsan vai
sa rājā tat adhārayat ahicchatram
ca viṣayam droṇaḥ sam abhipadyata

17. Realizing himself to be deficient in strength against a Brahmin and (his own martial) power, that king, indeed desiring the birth of a son, resolved upon that (plan). Meanwhile, Droṇa acquired the territory (viṣaya) of Ahicchatra.

Words meanings summery:

• हीनम् (hīnam) - deficient, inferior, lacking

• विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood, realizing

• च (ca) - and

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself, soul, self (ātman)

• ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the power of a Brahmin (like Droṇa) (by a Brahmin; by Brahmanical (power))

• बलेन (balena) - by power, by strength, by force

• च (ca) - and

• पुत्रजन्म (putrajanma) - birth of a son, son's birth

• परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - desiring, wishing to obtain

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphasizer)

• स (sa) - he

• राजा (rājā) - king

• तत् (tat) - that

• अधारयत् (adhārayat) - he resolved, he undertook, he held

• अहिच्छत्रम् (ahicchatram) - Ahicchatra (name of a city/region)

• च (ca) - and

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - territory (territory, region, object of sense)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• सम् (sam) - together, completely (as prefix)

• अभिपद्यत (abhipadyata) - he obtained, he reached, he entered

Words meanings and morphology

हीनम् (hīnam) - deficient, inferior, lacking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, inferior, lacking, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

root hā + kta

Root: hā (class 3)

विदित्वा (viditvā) - having known, having understood, realizing

(indeclinable)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Absolutive (gerund)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself, soul, self (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

ब्राह्मणेन (brāhmaṇena) - by the power of a Brahmin (like Droṇa) (by a Brahmin; by Brahmanical (power))

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin; relating to Brahmins or Brahman

बलेन (balena) - by power, by strength, by force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पुत्रजन्म (putrajanma) - birth of a son, son's birth

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of putrajanman

putrajanman - birth of a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+janman)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jan (class 4)

परीप्सन् (parīpsan) - desiring, wishing to obtain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīpsat

parīpsat - desiring to obtain, wishing to reach

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative stem of root āp (to obtain) with prefix parā + śatṛ

Prefix: parā

Root: āp (class 5)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily (emphasizer)

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

अधारयत् (adhārayat) - he resolved, he undertook, he held

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (Laṅ) of dhṛ

Causative form of dhṛ (dhārayati)

Root: dhṛ (class 10)

अहिच्छत्रम् (ahicchatram) - Ahicchatra (name of a city/region)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ahicchatra

ahicchatra - Ahicchatra (capital of ancient Pañcāla)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विषयम् (viṣayam) - territory (territory, region, object of sense)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - domain, sphere, territory, object of sense

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a teacher)

सम् (sam) - together, completely (as prefix)

(indeclinable)

अभिपद्यत (abhipadyata) - he obtained, he reached, he entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Imperfect (Laṅ) of pad

Prefix: abhi

Root: pad (class 4)