महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-120, verse-5

धनुर्वेदपरत्वाच्च तपसा विपुलेन च ।
भृशं संतापयामास देवराजं स गौतमः ॥५॥

5. dhanurvedaparatvācca tapasā vipulena ca ,
bhṛśaṁ saṁtāpayāmāsa devarājaṁ sa gautamaḥ.

5. dhanurvedaparatvāt ca tapasā vipulena ca
bhṛśam saṃtāpayām āsa devarājam saḥ gautamaḥ

5. And due to his supreme dedication to the science of archery (Dhanurveda) and his extensive austere practice (tapas), that Gautama greatly distressed the king of the gods, Devendra.

Words meanings summery:

• धनुर्वेदपरत्वात् (dhanurvedaparatvāt) - from the state of being devoted to Dhanurveda, due to supreme dedication to Dhanurveda

• च (ca) - and

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, by austerity

• विपुलेन (vipulena) - by vast, by extensive, by great

• च (ca) - and

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, very much

• संतापयाम् (saṁtāpayām) - caused distress, tormented

• आस (āsa) - he was (auxiliary for perfect tense)

• देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods, Indra

• सः (saḥ) - that (Gautama) (that, he)

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

धनुर्वेदपरत्वात् (dhanurvedaparatvāt) - from the state of being devoted to Dhanurveda, due to supreme dedication to Dhanurveda

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhanurvedaparatva

dhanurvedaparatva - supreme devotion to the science of archery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanurveda+paratva)

• dhanurveda – science of archery
  noun (masculine)
• paratva – supremacy, devotion, state of being supreme or devoted
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'para' with suffix 'tva'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, by austerity

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, austerity, religious penance

Root: tap (class 1)

विपुलेन (vipulena) - by vast, by extensive, by great

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vipula

vipula - large, extensive, abundant, vast

Note: Agrees with 'tapasā'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, intensely, very much

(indeclinable)

संतापयाम् (saṁtāpayām) - caused distress, tormented

(verb)

singular, active, perfect (part of periphrastic perfect) (lit) of tap

perfect tense causative stem

Causative stem of root 'tap' with prefix 'sam'. Used as part of periphrastic perfect tense with 'āsa'.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

आस (āsa) - he was (auxiliary for perfect tense)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of as

Auxiliary verb used to form the periphrastic perfect tense (Lit Lakara)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect 'saṃtāpayām āsa'.

देवराजम् (devarājam) - the king of gods, Indra

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devarāja

devarāja - king of gods (epithet of Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+rāja)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (Gautama) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (name of a sage)