महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-120, verse-17

ततः संवर्धयामास संस्कारैश्चाप्ययोजयत् ।
गौतमोऽपि तदापेत्य धनुर्वेदपरोऽभवत् ॥१७॥

17. tataḥ saṁvardhayāmāsa saṁskāraiścāpyayojayat ,
gautamo'pi tadāpetya dhanurvedaparo'bhavat.

17. tataḥ saṃvardhayāmāsa saṃskāraiḥ ca api ayojayat
gautamaḥ api tadā apetya dhanurvedaparaḥ abhavat

17. Thereafter, the King raised them and performed their purificatory rites (saṃskāra). The boy, Gautama, then also became devoted to (dhanurvedapara) the science of archery (Dhanurveda).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• संवर्धयामास (saṁvardhayāmāsa) - he caused to grow, he brought up, he raised

• संस्कारैः (saṁskāraiḥ) - with purificatory rites (saṃskāra), by ceremonies

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अयोजयत् (ayojayat) - he engaged them in the purificatory rites (he engaged, he directed, he applied (them to something))

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - the boy (one of the twins) named Gautama (Gautama)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अपेत्य (apetya) - having approached (his father/teacher) or having acquired (expertise) (having approached, having obtained)

• धनुर्वेदपरः (dhanurvedaparaḥ) - devoted to the science of archery, expert in Dhanurveda

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of `tad`.

Note: Connects actions chronologically.

संवर्धयामास (saṁvardhayāmāsa) - he caused to grow, he brought up, he raised

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vṛdh

Causative Perfect third person singular active

`saṃvardhaya` (causative stem of `saṃ-vṛdh`) + `āmāsa` (perfect ending for causative verbs).

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Causative verb, subject is the King.

संस्कारैः (saṁskāraiḥ) - with purificatory rites (saṃskāra), by ceremonies

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃskāra

saṁskāra - purificatory rite, ceremony, impression, mental trace

From `sam` + `kṛ` (to do, make) with suffix `ghañ`.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Means by means of ceremonies.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Reinforces that the King did this *too*.

अयोजयत् (ayojayat) - he engaged them in the purificatory rites (he engaged, he directed, he applied (them to something))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yuj

Causative Imperfect third person singular active

`a-` augment + `yojaya` (causative stem of `yuj`) + `at` ending.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Causative verb, subject is the King.

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - the boy (one of the twins) named Gautama (Gautama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama (a proper name, here referring to the boy)

Note: Subject of `abhavat`.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Emphasizes that Gautama (the boy) *also* did this.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb derived from `tad`.

अपेत्य (apetya) - having approached (his father/teacher) or having acquired (expertise) (having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root `i` (to go) with prefix `apa` and suffix `ya`.

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

धनुर्वेदपरः (dhanurvedaparaḥ) - devoted to the science of archery, expert in Dhanurveda

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanurvedapara

dhanurvedapara - intent on the science of archery, expert in Dhanurveda

Compound of `dhanurveda` (science of archery) and `para` (devoted to, intent on, supreme).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanurveda+para)

• dhanurveda – science of archery
  noun (masculine)
• para – devoted to, intent on, chief, supreme
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `gautamaḥ`.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect third person singular active

`a-` augment + `bhav-` stem + `at` ending.

Root: bhū (class 1)