महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-120, verse-21

ततोऽधिजग्मुः सर्वे ते धनुर्वेदं महारथाः ।
धृतराष्ट्रात्मजाश्चैव पाण्डवाश्च महाबलाः ।
वृष्णयश्च नृपाश्चान्ये नानादेशसमागताः ॥२१॥

21. tato'dhijagmuḥ sarve te dhanurvedaṁ mahārathāḥ ,
dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajāścaiva pāṇḍavāśca mahābalāḥ ,
vṛṣṇayaśca nṛpāścānye nānādeśasamāgatāḥ.

21. tataḥ adhijagmuḥ sarve te dhanurvedam
mahārathāḥ dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajāḥ ca
eva pāṇḍavāḥ ca mahābalāḥ vṛṣṇayaḥ
ca nṛpāḥ ca anye nānādeśasamāgatāḥ

21. Then, all those great warriors—namely, the sons of Dhritarashtra and the mighty Pandavas, as well as the Vrishnis and other kings who had assembled from various countries—mastered the science of archery (Dhanurveda).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• अधिजग्मुः (adhijagmuḥ) - they learned, they mastered, they studied

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

• ते (te) - they, those

• धनुर्वेदम् (dhanurvedam) - the science of archery (Dhanurveda)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors, great charioteers

• धृतराष्ट्रात्मजाः (dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajāḥ) - sons of Dhritarashtra (Kauravas)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, also, certainly

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - sons of Pandu, Pandavas

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - mighty, greatly powerful

• वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - Vrishnis (members of the Vrishni clan)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings, rulers

• च (ca) - and, also

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• नानादेशसमागताः (nānādeśasamāgatāḥ) - assembled from various countries, arrived from diverse lands

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

अधिजग्मुः (adhijagmuḥ) - they learned, they mastered, they studied

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of adhi-gam

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, every

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धनुर्वेदम् (dhanurvedam) - the science of archery (Dhanurveda)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanurveda

dhanurveda - the science of archery, skill in using weapons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+veda)

• dhanus – bow, archery
  noun (neuter)
• veda – knowledge, science
  noun (masculine)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors, great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, mighty charioteer (one capable of fighting 10,000 warriors)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

धृतराष्ट्रात्मजाः (dhṛtarāṣṭrātmajāḥ) - sons of Dhritarashtra (Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhṛtarāṣṭrātmaja

dhṛtarāṣṭrātmaja - son of Dhritarashtra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhṛtarāṣṭra+ātmaja)

• dhṛtarāṣṭra – Dhritarashtra (name of a king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, also, certainly

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - sons of Pandu, Pandavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu, Pandava

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - mighty, greatly powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty, powerful

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - Vrishnis (members of the Vrishni clan)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - name of an ancient Yadu clan, to which Krishna belonged

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector (from root pā 'to protect')
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

नानादेशसमागताः (nānādeśasamāgatāḥ) - assembled from various countries, arrived from diverse lands

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nānādeśasamāgata

nānādeśasamāgata - assembled from various countries

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānādeśa+samāgata)

• nānādeśa – various countries/lands
  noun (masculine)
• samāgata – come together, assembled, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root gam (to go) with prefixes sam- and ā- and the past participle suffix -ta.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)