महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-120, verse-20

चतुर्विधं धनुर्वेदमस्त्राणि विविधानि च ।
निखिलेनास्य तत्सर्वं गुह्यमाख्यातवांस्तदा ।
सोऽचिरेणैव कालेन परमाचार्यतां गतः ॥२०॥

20. caturvidhaṁ dhanurvedamastrāṇi vividhāni ca ,
nikhilenāsya tatsarvaṁ guhyamākhyātavāṁstadā ,
so'cireṇaiva kālena paramācāryatāṁ gataḥ.

20. caturvidham dhanurvedam astrāṇi
vividhāni ca nikhilena asya tat sarvam
guhyam ākhyātavān tadā saḥ acireṇa
eva kālena parama ācāryatām gataḥ

20. Then, he (the teacher) completely revealed to him all that secret knowledge, consisting of the four branches of the science of archery (Dhanurveda) and various types of weapons. And in no long time, he (the student) attained the status of a supreme preceptor.

Words meanings summery:

• चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - fourfold, of four kinds

• धनुर्वेदम् (dhanurvedam) - the science of archery, Dhanurveda

• अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, diverse

• च (ca) - and, also

• निखिलेन (nikhilena) - entirely, completely, without remainder

• अस्य (asya) - to him, of him

• तत् (tat) - that

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

• गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden, esoteric

• आख्यातवान् (ākhyātavān) - he narrated, he told, he revealed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सः (saḥ) - he

• अचिरेण (acireṇa) - in no long time, quickly, soon

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, in time, within a period of time

• परम (parama) - supreme, highest, excellent

• आचार्यताम् (ācāryatām) - the state of being a teacher/preceptor

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, attained, reached

Words meanings and morphology

चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - fourfold, of four kinds

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of caturvidha

caturvidha - fourfold, of four kinds

Compound type : karmadhāraya (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

धनुर्वेदम् (dhanurvedam) - the science of archery, Dhanurveda

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhanurveda

dhanurveda - the science of archery, skill in using weapons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+veda)

• dhanus – bow, archery
  noun (neuter)
• veda – knowledge, science
  noun (masculine)

अस्त्राणि (astrāṇi) - weapons, missiles

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile, projectile

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of different kinds

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निखिलेन (nikhilena) - entirely, completely, without remainder

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nikhila

nikhila - entire, complete, whole, all

अस्य (asya) - to him, of him

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Contextually, 'to him' (the student).

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

गुह्यम् (guhyam) - secret, hidden, esoteric

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of guhya

guhya - secret, hidden, to be concealed, mystic

Gerundive

Derived from the root guh (to hide) with the gerundive suffix -ya.

Root: guh (class 1)

आख्यातवान् (ākhyātavān) - he narrated, he told, he revealed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākhyātavat

ākhyātavat - having told, having related, narrated

Past Active Participle

Derived from the root khyā (to tell) with the prefix ā- and the past active participle suffix -tavat.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अचिरेण (acireṇa) - in no long time, quickly, soon

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of acira

acira - not long, recent, swift, quick

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - by time, in time, within a period of time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season

परम (parama) - supreme, highest, excellent

(adjective)

of parama

parama - supreme, highest, principal, excellent, ultimate

Note: First part of the compound `paramācāryatām`.

आचार्यताम् (ācāryatām) - the state of being a teacher/preceptor

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ācāryatā

ācāryatā - the state or condition of being a preceptor/teacher

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ācāryatā)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
• ācāryatā – the state of being a teacher or preceptor
  noun (feminine)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, attained, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root gam (to go) with the past participle suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)