महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-120, verse-14

मृगयां चरतो राज्ञः शंतनोस्तु यदृच्छया ।
कश्चित्सेनाचरोऽरण्ये मिथुनं तदपश्यत ॥१४॥

14. mṛgayāṁ carato rājñaḥ śaṁtanostu yadṛcchayā ,
kaścitsenācaro'raṇye mithunaṁ tadapaśyata.

14. mṛgayām carataḥ rājñaḥ śaṃtanoḥ tu yadṛcchayā
kaścit senācaraḥ araṇye mithunam tat apaśyata

14. While King Śantanu was out hunting, one of his soldiers (senācara) happened to see those twins (mithunam) in the forest by chance.

Words meanings summery:

• मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, the chase

• चरतः (carataḥ) - roaming, moving, engaged in

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• शंतनोः (śaṁtanoḥ) - of Śantanu

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, accidentally, spontaneously

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, some, a certain

• सेनाचरः (senācaraḥ) - a soldier, a camp-follower, one who moves with the army

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest, in the wilderness

• मिथुनम् (mithunam) - a pair, twins

• तत् (tat) - that, those

• अपश्यत (apaśyata) - he saw, he perceived

Words meanings and morphology

मृगयाम् (mṛgayām) - hunting, the chase

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mṛgayā

mṛgayā - hunting, chase

From root `mṛg` (to hunt).

Root: mṛg

Note: Object of 'carataḥ'.

चरतः (carataḥ) - roaming, moving, engaged in

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of carat

carat - moving, walking, performing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `car` (to move, to roam, to perform).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rājñaḥ`.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

Note: Qualifies `śaṃtanoḥ`.

शंतनोः (śaṁtanoḥ) - of Śantanu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaṃtanu

śaṁtanu - Śantanu (a proper name of a king in Mahabharata)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic or contrasting particle.

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, accidentally, spontaneously

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - accident, chance, spontaneity

From `yat` (what, which) + `ṛcchā` (desire, will), meaning 'according to one's own will' or 'by chance'.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yat+ṛcchā)

• yat – which, what
  pronoun
• ṛcchā – desire, wish, will
  noun (feminine)
  Root: ṛch

कश्चित् (kaścit) - someone, some, a certain

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, some, a certain

`ka` (interrogative pronoun) + `cit` (particle for indefiniteness).

Note: Qualifies `senācaraḥ`.

सेनाचरः (senācaraḥ) - a soldier, a camp-follower, one who moves with the army

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of senācara

senācara - army-follower, soldier, camp-follower

From `senā` (army) and `cara` (moving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+cara)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, going, follower
  adjective
  From root `car` (to move).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Subject of `apaśyata`.

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest, in the wilderness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

Root: ṛ

मिथुनम् (mithunam) - a pair, twins

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mithuna

mithuna - a pair, a couple, twins

Note: Object of `apaśyata`.

तत् (tat) - that, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used as a demonstrative adjective for `mithunam`.

अपश्यत (apaśyata) - he saw, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of paś

Imperfect third person singular active

`a-` augment + `paś` stem (from `dṛś`) + `at` ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)