महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-102, verse-23

धृतराष्ट्रस्त्वचक्षुष्ट्वाद्राज्यं न प्रत्यपद्यत ।
करणत्वाच्च विदुरः पाण्डुरासीन्महीपतिः ॥२३॥

23. dhṛtarāṣṭrastvacakṣuṣṭvādrājyaṁ na pratyapadyata ,
karaṇatvācca viduraḥ pāṇḍurāsīnmahīpatiḥ.

23. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ tu achakṣuṣṭvāt rājyam na pratyapadyata
karaṇatvāt ca viduraḥ pāṇḍuḥ āsīt mahīpatiḥ

23. But Dhṛtarāṣṭra did not obtain the kingdom because of his blindness. And due to Vidura's (birth-related) disqualification, Pāṇḍu became the king.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of the Kurus, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• अछक्षुष्ट्वात् (achakṣuṣṭvāt) - from being blind, due to blindness

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - did not succeed in obtaining (the kingdom) (obtained, acquired, reached)

• करणत्वात् (karaṇatvāt) - due to his disqualification for royal rule (e.g., birth status) (from being a tool, due to being an instrument, due to disqualification)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise half-brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu. (Vidura)

• पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - The younger brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Vidura, and the father of the Pāṇḍavas. (Pāṇḍu)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - The blind king of the Kurus, father of the Kauravas. (Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name); one whose kingdom is held, a king who maintains his realm

Compound: dhṛta (held/maintained) + rāṣṭra (kingdom)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

अछक्षुष्ट्वात् (achakṣuṣṭvāt) - from being blind, due to blindness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of achakṣuṣṭva

achakṣuṣṭva - state of being eyeless, blindness

Compound: a (not) + chakṣuṣ (eye) + tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+chakṣuṣ+tva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• chakṣuṣ – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)
• tva – state of being, -ness, -hood
  suffix (neuter)
  Suffix forming abstract nouns

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of `pratyapadyata`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रत्यपद्यत (pratyapadyata) - did not succeed in obtaining (the kingdom) (obtained, acquired, reached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of pratipad

Imperfect, middle voice, 3rd person singular

From root pad with upasargas prati and a (implied)

Prefixes: prati+a

Root: pad (class 4)

करणत्वात् (karaṇatvāt) - due to his disqualification for royal rule (e.g., birth status) (from being a tool, due to being an instrument, due to disqualification)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of karaṇatva

karaṇatva - state of being an instrument, disqualification, state of being a mixed caste or a eunuch

Compound: karaṇa (instrument/disqualified person) + tva (suffix for abstract noun)

Compound type : tatpurusha (karaṇa+tva)

• karaṇa – instrument, cause, means; a mixed caste; a eunuch, a disqualified person
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• tva – state of being, -ness, -hood
  suffix (neuter)
  Suffix forming abstract nouns

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - The wise half-brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍu. (Vidura)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (proper name); wise, clever

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of the second clause.

पाण्डुः (pāṇḍuḥ) - The younger brother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Vidura, and the father of the Pāṇḍavas. (Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (proper name); pale, yellowish white

Note: Subject of the second verb `āsīt`.

आसीत् (āsīt) - became (was, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect, active voice, 3rd person singular

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Links Pāṇḍu and mahīpatiḥ.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - king, lord of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, ruler, lord of the earth

Compound: mahī (earth) + pati (lord/master)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, protector
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for Pāṇḍu.