महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-102, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तेषु त्रिषु कुमारेषु जातेषु कुरुजाङ्गलम् ।
कुरवोऽथ कुरुक्षेत्रं त्रयमेतदवर्धत ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
teṣu triṣu kumāreṣu jāteṣu kurujāṅgalam ,
kuravo'tha kurukṣetraṁ trayametadavardhata.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca teṣu triṣu kumāreṣu jāteṣu kurujāṅgalam
kuravaḥ atha kurukṣetram trayam etat avardhata

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When those three princes were born, the Kuru-Jāṅgala region, the Kurus (people), and Kurukṣetra – these three (aspects) thrived.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तेषु (teṣu) - in those, among those

• त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three, among three

• कुमारेषु (kumāreṣu) - in the princes, among the princes

• जातेषु (jāteṣu) - when born, having been born

• कुरुजाङ्गलम् (kurujāṅgalam) - Kuru-Jāṅgala region

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (people)

• अथ (atha) - then, and, now

• कुरुक्षेत्रम् (kurukṣetram) - Kurukṣetra (a holy region)

• त्रयम् (trayam) - the three, a trio

• एतत् (etat) - this, these

• अवर्धत (avardhata) - flourished, grew, increased

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a celebrated sage, disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of √vac (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

तेषु (teṣu) - in those, among those

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

त्रिषु (triṣu) - in three, among three

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of tri

tri - three

कुमारेषु (kumāreṣu) - in the princes, among the princes

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

जातेषु (jāteṣu) - when born, having been born

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen

Past Passive Participle

PPP of √jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction: 'when the princes were born'.

कुरुजाङ्गलम् (kurujāṅgalam) - Kuru-Jāṅgala region

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kurujāṅgala

kurujāṅgala - the forest region of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+jāṅgala)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe/region
  proper noun (masculine)
• jāṅgala – dry, arid, wilderness, forest region
  noun (neuter)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus (people)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - name of an ancient tribe/people, descendants of Kuru

अथ (atha) - then, and, now

(indeclinable)

कुरुक्षेत्रम् (kurukṣetram) - Kurukṣetra (a holy region)

(proper noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kurukṣetra

kurukṣetra - the field of the Kurus, a holy plain near Delhi

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+kṣetra)

• kuru – name of an ancient tribe/region
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣetra – field, region, holy place
  noun (neuter)

त्रयम् (trayam) - the three, a trio

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of traya

traya - group of three, triad

एतत् (etat) - this, these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

अवर्धत (avardhata) - flourished, grew, increased

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛdh

Imperfect Middle

3rd person singular imperfect middle of √vṛdh (1st class)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)