योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-35, verse-4

एतद्रूपमविद्यायाः प्रेक्षिता यन्न लभ्यते ।
प्रेक्षिता लभ्यते चेत्सा तद्विद्यैव पराभवत् ॥ ४ ॥

etadrūpamavidyāyāḥ prekṣitā yanna labhyate ,
prekṣitā labhyate cetsā tadvidyaiva parābhavat 4

4. etat rūpam avidyāyāḥ prekṣitā yat na labhyate
prekṣitā labhyate cet sā tat vidyā eva parābhavat

4. avidyāyāḥ etat rūpam yat prekṣitā na labhyate
cet prekṣitā sā labhyate tat eva vidyā parābhavat

4. This is the nature (rūpa) of nescience (avidyā): that it is not perceived or grasped when observed. If, however, it is perceived and grasped upon observation, then that (which was thought to be nescience) is truly knowledge (vidyā) itself, signifying the defeat (parābhava) of nescience.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, nature, appearance, characteristic

• अविद्यायाः (avidyāyāḥ) - of nescience, of ignorance, of avidyā

• प्रेक्षिता (prekṣitā) - observed, perceived, seen, beheld

• यत् (yat) - which, that, whatever

• न (na) - not, no

• लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained, is grasped, is found, is acquired

• प्रेक्षिता (prekṣitā) - observed, perceived, seen, beheld

• लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained, is grasped, is found, is acquired

• चेत् (cet) - if, in case that

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• तत् (tat) - that, that one

• विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, learning, science, vidyā

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, even

• पराभवत् (parābhavat) - like a defeat, like an overcoming

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, nature, appearance, characteristic

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, nature, appearance, characteristic, beauty

अविद्यायाः (avidyāyāḥ) - of nescience, of ignorance, of avidyā

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of avidyā

avidyā - nescience, ignorance, illusion, avidyā

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (a+vidyā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science, vidyā
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root `vid` (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

प्रेक्षिता (prekṣitā) - observed, perceived, seen, beheld

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prekṣita

prekṣita - observed, perceived, seen, beheld

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `pra` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here to modify an implied subject or adverbially.

यत् (yat) - which, that, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, whatever

Note: Refers to the nature (`rūpam`) of `avidyā`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained, is grasped, is found, is acquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

प्रेक्षिता (prekṣitā) - observed, perceived, seen, beheld

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prekṣita

prekṣita - observed, perceived, seen, beheld

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `īkṣ` (to see) with prefix `pra` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here to modify an implied subject or adverbially.

लभ्यते (labhyate) - is obtained, is grasped, is found, is acquired

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of labh

Root: labh (class 1)

चेत् (cet) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to `avidyā`.

तत् (tat) - that, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, it

विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge, learning, science, vidyā

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, vidyā

Derived from root `vid` (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, certainly, even

(indeclinable)

पराभवत् (parābhavat) - like a defeat, like an overcoming

(indeclinable)

Derived from root `bhū` (to be) with prefix `parā`.

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (parā+bhava)

• parā – away, back, over, opposite
  indeclinable
• bhava – being, existence, becoming
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `bhū` (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The suffix `vat` makes this adverbial.

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