योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-5, verse-2

यथायं मनसि स्फारः संसारः स्फुरति स्फुरन् ।
दृष्टान्तदृष्ट्या स्फुटया तथा कथय मेऽनघ ॥ २ ॥

yathāyaṃ manasi sphāraḥ saṃsāraḥ sphurati sphuran ,
dṛṣṭāntadṛṣṭyā sphuṭayā tathā kathaya me'nagha 2

2. yathā ayaṃ manasi sphāraḥ saṃsāraḥ sphurati sphuran
dṛṣṭānta dṛṣṭyā sphuṭayā tathā kathaya me anagha

2. anagha me tathā kathaya yathā ayaṃ sphāraḥ saṃsāraḥ
manasi sphuran sphurati sphuṭayā dṛṣṭānta dṛṣṭyā

2. O sinless one (anagha), please explain to me, with a clear illustrative example, how this vast cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) manifests and shines forth within the mind (manas)!

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• अयं (ayaṁ) - this

• मनसि (manasi) - in the mind, in the intellect, in the consciousness

• स्फारः (sphāraḥ) - vast, extensive, expanded, abundant

• संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - cycle of rebirth, worldly existence, transmigration

• स्फुरति (sphurati) - How the saṃsāra appears or expresses itself. (shines, manifests, throbs, quivers)

• स्फुरन् (sphuran) - Emphatic, "shining forth (while) shining forth". (manifesting, shining, throbbing)

• दृष्टान्त (dṛṣṭānta) - example, illustration

• दृष्ट्या (dṛṣṭyā) - by means of an illustrative explanation/viewpoint. (by vision, by sight, by understanding, by means of an outlook)

• स्फुटया (sphuṭayā) - Describes the clarity of the example. (by a clear, distinct, evident)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• कथय (kathaya) - Request to explain. (tell, explain, relate)

• मे (me) - Dative for "tell me". (to me, for me)

• अनघ (anagha) - Vocative address to a revered teacher (Vasishtha). (O sinless one, O faultless one)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

From yad (relative pronoun) + thāl (suffix for manner)

अयं (ayaṁ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Demonstrative pronoun.

मनसि (manasi) - in the mind, in the intellect, in the consciousness

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, consciousness, heart, understanding

From root man (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

स्फारः (sphāraḥ) - vast, extensive, expanded, abundant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sphāra

sphāra - vast, extensive, abundant, swollen, shining

From root sphāy (to swell, expand).

Root: sphāy (class 1)

संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - cycle of rebirth, worldly existence, transmigration

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - cycle of rebirth, transmigration, worldly existence, mundane life

From saṃ (together, complete) + root sṛ (to move, flow).

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

स्फुरति (sphurati) - How the saṃsāra appears or expresses itself. (shines, manifests, throbs, quivers)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sphur

Present Active Indicative

From root sphur (to throb), present tense.

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: Subject is saṃsāraḥ.

स्फुरन् (sphuran) - Emphatic, "shining forth (while) shining forth". (manifesting, shining, throbbing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sphurat

sphurat - throbbing, flashing, manifesting, shining

Present Active Participle

From root sphur (to throb) + śatṛ suffix.

Root: sphur (class 6)

Note: Agrees with saṃsāraḥ, used adverbially.

दृष्टान्त (dṛṣṭānta) - example, illustration

(noun)

masculine, singular of dṛṣṭānta

dṛṣṭānta - example, illustration, comparison

dṛṣṭa (seen) + anta (end/limit) -> a conclusion based on observation.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Precedes dṛṣṭyā in a compound.

दृष्ट्या (dṛṣṭyā) - by means of an illustrative explanation/viewpoint. (by vision, by sight, by understanding, by means of an outlook)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭi

dṛṣṭi - sight, vision, view, understanding, doctrine, example

From root dṛś (to see) + ktin suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dṛṣṭānta+dṛṣṭi)

• dṛṣṭānta – example, illustration
  noun (masculine)
• dṛṣṭi – sight, vision, view
  noun (feminine)
  From root dṛś (to see) + ktin suffix.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

स्फुटया (sphuṭayā) - Describes the clarity of the example. (by a clear, distinct, evident)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sphuṭa

sphuṭa - clear, distinct, evident, apparent, open

Past Passive Participle (from sphuṭ to split, open)

From root sphuṭ (to open, burst).

Root: sphuṭ (class 6)

Note: Agrees with dṛṣṭyā.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

From tad (that pronoun) + thāl (suffix for manner)

कथय (kathaya) - Request to explain. (tell, explain, relate)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Present Active Imperative (causative stem)

From root kath (to tell), causative stem kathaya. loṭ (imperative) parasmaipada 2nd person singular.

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: The implied subject is bhavān (You, venerable one).

मे (me) - Dative for "tell me". (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Enclitic form of asmad pronoun.

अनघ (anagha) - Vocative address to a revered teacher (Vasishtha). (O sinless one, O faultless one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure, blameless

a (not) + nagha (sin, fault) or a (not) + agha (sin)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• agha – sin, fault, evil, distress
  noun (neuter)