योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-13, verse-1

काल उवाच ।
एतासां भूतजातीनामूर्मीणामिव सागरात् ।
विविधानां विचित्राणां लतानामिव माधवे ॥ १ ॥

kāla uvāca ,
etāsāṃ bhūtajātīnāmūrmīṇāmiva sāgarāt ,
vividhānāṃ vicitrāṇāṃ latānāmiva mādhave 1

1. kālaḥ uvāca etāsām bhūtajātīnām ūrmīṇām iva
sāgarāt vividhānām vicitrāṇām latānām iva mādhave

1. kālaḥ uvāca etāsām bhūtajātīnām ūrmīṇām iva
sāgarāt vividhānām vicitrāṇām latānām iva mādhave

1. Time said: Of these various and wonderful kinds of beings, like waves from the ocean, or like creepers in the springtime...

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified, as a speaker) (Time, appointed time, black)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Time) (said, spoke)

• एतासाम् (etāsām) - of these (kinds of beings) (of these)

• भूतजातीनाम् (bhūtajātīnām) - of kinds of beings/creatures (of kinds of beings, of species of creatures)

• ऊर्मीणाम् (ūrmīṇām) - of waves (of waves, of surges)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• सागरात् (sāgarāt) - from the ocean (from the ocean, from the sea)

• विविधानाम् (vividhānām) - of various (kinds) (of various, of diverse)

• विचित्राणाम् (vicitrāṇām) - of wonderful/diverse (kinds) (of wonderful, of strange, of diverse)

• लतानाम् (latānām) - of creepers (of creepers, of vines)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• माधवे (mādhave) - in spring (in spring, in Viṣṇu, in Madhava)

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified, as a speaker) (Time, appointed time, black)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - Time, duration, period, season; a specific time; the god of death (Yama); black color

Root: kḷ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (by Time) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

From root vac (to speak), 3rd person singular, perfect active. Anomalous formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतासाम् (etāsām) - of these (kinds of beings) (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of etad

etad - This, that (proximal demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to feminine nouns.

भूतजातीनाम् (bhūtajātīnām) - of kinds of beings/creatures (of kinds of beings, of species of creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of bhūtajāti

bhūtajāti - Species of beings, class of creatures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+jāti)

• bhūta – Being, creature, element; past; true
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• jāti – Birth, production; species, kind, genus, class
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

ऊर्मीणाम् (ūrmīṇām) - of waves (of waves, of surges)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ūrmi

ūrmi - Wave, billow; surge, current; mental emotion

Root: ṛ

Note: Often treated as feminine in some contexts. Here, genitive plural matches the analogy.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

सागरात् (sāgarāt) - from the ocean (from the ocean, from the sea)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - Ocean, sea; having poison (sa-gara)

विविधानाम् (vividhānām) - of various (kinds) (of various, of diverse)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vividha

vividha - Various, diverse, manifold, of different kinds

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `bhūtajātīnām` in gender, number, and case.

विचित्राणाम् (vicitrāṇām) - of wonderful/diverse (kinds) (of wonderful, of strange, of diverse)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vicitra

vicitra - Various, diverse, variegated, wonderful, strange, curious, beautiful

Prefix: vi

Root: citr (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `bhūtajātīnām` in gender, number, and case.

लतानाम् (latānām) - of creepers (of creepers, of vines)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of latā

latā - Creeper, vine; any slender plant; a woman (poetic)

Root: lat (class 1)

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

माधवे (mādhave) - in spring (in spring, in Viṣṇu, in Madhava)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - Spring season; a name of Viṣṇu/Kṛṣṇa; descendant of Madhu