योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-1, verse-31

प्रतिपक्षे कथं किंचिदास्ते च्छायातपे यथा ।
कथमास्ते तमो भानौ कथमास्ते हिमोऽनले ॥ ३१ ॥

pratipakṣe kathaṃ kiṃcidāste cchāyātape yathā ,
kathamāste tamo bhānau kathamāste himo'nale 31

31. pratipakṣe kathaṃ kiṃcit āste cchāyātape yathā
katham āste tamaḥ bhānau katham āste himaḥ anale

31. kiṃcit pratipakṣe kathaṃ āste yathā cchāyātape kathaṃ
āste tamaḥ bhānau kathaṃ āste himaḥ anale kathaṃ āste

31. How can anything exist in its opposite? For instance, how can shade and sunlight exist together? How can darkness exist in the sun? How can ice exist in fire?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रतिपक्षे (pratipakṣe) - in its opposite (nature or condition) (in the opposite, in the hostile side, in the antagonist)

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how (can it be?) (how, in what manner)

• किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (something, anything, somewhat)

• आस्ते (āste) - exists, subsists (sits, stays, exists, remains)

• च्छायातपे (cchāyātape) - in shade and sunlight (simultaneously) (in shade and sun)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

• कथम् (katham) - how (can it be?) (how, in what manner)

• आस्ते (āste) - exists, subsists (sits, stays, exists, remains)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance, one of the three guṇas)

• भानौ (bhānau) - in the sun (in the sun, in light, in a ray)

• कथम् (katham) - how (can it be?) (how, in what manner)

• आस्ते (āste) - exists, subsists (sits, stays, exists, remains)

• हिमः (himaḥ) - ice (cold, frost, ice, snow)

• अनले (anale) - in fire (in fire, in Agni (the fire god))

Words meanings and morphology

प्रतिपक्षे (pratipakṣe) - in its opposite (nature or condition) (in the opposite, in the hostile side, in the antagonist)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pratipakṣa

pratipakṣa - opposite side, hostile party, antagonist, counter-argument

कथं (kathaṁ) - how (can it be?) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

किंचित् (kiṁcit) - anything (something, anything, somewhat)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiṃcit

kiṁcit - something, anything, a little

आस्ते (āste) - exists, subsists (sits, stays, exists, remains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present Active

root ās (class 2)

Root: ās (class 2)

च्छायातपे (cchāyātape) - in shade and sunlight (simultaneously) (in shade and sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of cchāyātapa

cchāyātapa - shade and sun, light and shade

Compound type : dvandva (cchāyā+ātapa)

• cchāyā – shade, shadow
  noun (feminine)
• ātapa – sunshine, heat, warmth
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (can it be?) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

आस्ते (āste) - exists, subsists (sits, stays, exists, remains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present Active

root ās (class 2)

Root: ās (class 2)

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, gloom, ignorance, one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia

भानौ (bhānau) - in the sun (in the sun, in light, in a ray)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhānu

bhānu - sun, light, ray

Root: bhā

कथम् (katham) - how (can it be?) (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

आस्ते (āste) - exists, subsists (sits, stays, exists, remains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Present Active

root ās (class 2)

Root: ās (class 2)

हिमः (himaḥ) - ice (cold, frost, ice, snow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hima

hima - cold, frost, ice, snow

अनले (anale) - in fire (in fire, in Agni (the fire god))

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire, Agni, god of fire

Root: an