योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-1, verse-28

गगनाङ्गादपि स्वच्छे शून्ये तत्र परे पदे ।
कथं सन्ति जगन्मेरुसमुद्रगगनादयः ॥ २८ ॥

gaganāṅgādapi svacche śūnye tatra pare pade ,
kathaṃ santi jaganmerusamudragaganādayaḥ 28

28. gagana aṅgāt api svacche śūnye tatra pare pade
katham santi jagat meru samudra gagana ādayaḥ

28. tatra pare svacche śūnye pade gaganāṅgāt api
jagat meru samudra gagana ādayaḥ katham santi

28. How can the world, Mount Meru, oceans, skies, and similar things exist in that supreme (para), pure (svacche), and void (śūnye) state (pade), which is even more pristine than the expanse of the sky (gaganāṅgāt api)?

Words meanings summery:

• गगन (gagana) - sky (as a measure of vastness and purity) (sky, atmosphere, ether, space)

• अङ्गात् (aṅgāt) - from a part (of the sky, implying even a small portion) (from a part, from a limb, from a component)

• अपि (api) - even (implying comparison and superiority in purity) (even, also, too, moreover)

• स्वच्छे (svacche) - in the pure (state, referring to the ultimate reality) (in the pure, in the clean, in the clear)

• शून्ये (śūnye) - in the void (state, implying the absence of material attributes) (in the void, in the empty, in nothingness)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (specific supreme state) (there, in that place, in that case)

• परे (pare) - in the supreme (state, indicating its ultimate nature) (in the supreme, in the higher, in the beyond)

• पदे (pade) - in the state (referring to the ultimate reality or condition) (in the state, in the abode, in the step, in the word)

• कथम् (katham) - how (questioning the possibility of existence) (how? in what manner?)

• सन्ति (santi) - they exist (referring to the multitude of worldly objects) (they are, exist)

• जगत् (jagat) - the world (as a concrete manifestation) (world, universe, moving)

• मेरु (meru) - Mount Meru (as a symbol of vast and solid material existence) (Mount Meru (mythical sacred mountain))

• समुद्र (samudra) - oceans (as vast bodies of water) (ocean, sea)

• गगन (gagana) - skies (referring to the heavens or space itself) (sky, atmosphere, ether, space)

• आदयः (ādayaḥ) - and similar things (indicating a list of examples of worldly phenomena) (and so on, beginning with, et cetera)

Words meanings and morphology

गगन (gagana) - sky (as a measure of vastness and purity) (sky, atmosphere, ether, space)

(noun)

neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, ether, space

Note: First part of the compound 'gaganāṅgāt'.

अङ्गात् (aṅgāt) - from a part (of the sky, implying even a small portion) (from a part, from a limb, from a component)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of aṅga

aṅga - limb, body, part, member, constituent

Note: Forms a tatpuruṣa compound with 'gagana', meaning 'from a part of the sky'.

अपि (api) - even (implying comparison and superiority in purity) (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to convey 'even more than'.

स्वच्छे (svacche) - in the pure (state, referring to the ultimate reality) (in the pure, in the clean, in the clear)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of svaccha

svaccha - pure, clean, clear, transparent

Note: Agrees with 'pade' and 'śūnye'.

शून्ये (śūnye) - in the void (state, implying the absence of material attributes) (in the void, in the empty, in nothingness)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, null, non-existent

Note: Agrees with 'pade' and 'svacche'.

तत्र (tatra) - in that (specific supreme state) (there, in that place, in that case)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the location, the 'supreme state'.

परे (pare) - in the supreme (state, indicating its ultimate nature) (in the supreme, in the higher, in the beyond)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Agrees with 'pade'.

पदे (pade) - in the state (referring to the ultimate reality or condition) (in the state, in the abode, in the step, in the word)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, place, state, abode, word

Note: The primary noun in the locative phrase.

कथम् (katham) - how (questioning the possibility of existence) (how? in what manner?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

सन्ति (santi) - they exist (referring to the multitude of worldly objects) (they are, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of as

present indicative

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the plural subject 'jagat meru samudra gagana ādayaḥ'.

जगत् (jagat) - the world (as a concrete manifestation) (world, universe, moving)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - world, universe, moving, living beings

Present Active Participle

From root 'gam' (to go) + 'śatṛ' suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: First part of a dvandva compound listing various worldly phenomena.

मेरु (meru) - Mount Meru (as a symbol of vast and solid material existence) (Mount Meru (mythical sacred mountain))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of meru

meru - Mount Meru, peak, summit

Note: Part of the dvandva compound.

समुद्र (samudra) - oceans (as vast bodies of water) (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Part of the dvandva compound.

गगन (gagana) - skies (referring to the heavens or space itself) (sky, atmosphere, ether, space)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, ether, space

Note: Part of the dvandva compound.

आदयः (ādayaḥ) - and similar things (indicating a list of examples of worldly phenomena) (and so on, beginning with, et cetera)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ādi

ādi - beginning, starting point, first, and so on

Note: Indicates that the preceding nouns are examples, and there are other similar things.