वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-72, verse-2

सो ऽपश्यदरजां दीनां रजसा समभिप्लुताम् ।
ज्योत्स्नामिवारुणग्रस्तां प्रत्यूषे न विराजतीम् ॥२॥

2. so'paśyadarajāṃ dīnāṃ rajasā samabhiplutām ,
jyotsnāmivāruṇagrastāṃ pratyūṣe na virājatīm.

2. saḥ apaśyat arajām dīnām rajasā samabhiplutām
jyotsnām iva aruṇagrastām pratyūṣe na virājatīm

2. saḥ dīnām rajasā samabhiplutām arajām,
pratyūṣe aruṇagrastām na virājatīm jyotsnām iva,
apaśyat

2. He saw Arajā, wretched and covered in dust, resembling moonlight seized by Aruṇa (the dawn) and not shining in the early morning.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• अरजाम् (arajām) - Arajā (accusative)

• दीनाम् (dīnām) - wretched, miserable, pitiable

• रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by dirt, by passion

• समभिप्लुताम् (samabhiplutām) - covered, deluged, overwhelmed

• ज्योत्स्नाम् (jyotsnām) - moonlight

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अरुणग्रस्ताम् (aruṇagrastām) - seized by Aruṇa (dawn/sun), eclipsed by dawn

• प्रत्यूषे (pratyūṣe) - at dawn, in the early morning

• न (na) - not, no

• विराजतीम् (virājatīm) - shining, radiant

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Imperfect (laṅ) of √dṛś

Root forms 'paśya' in present tense

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अरजाम् (arajām) - Arajā (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of arajā

arajā - Arajā (name), free from dust/passion

दीनाम् (dīnām) - wretched, miserable, pitiable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dīna

dīna - wretched, miserable, pitiable

रजसा (rajasā) - by dust, by dirt, by passion

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, dirt, pollen, passion, menstrual fluid

समभिप्लुताम् (samabhiplutām) - covered, deluged, overwhelmed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of samabhipluta

samabhipluta - covered, deluged, overwhelmed

Past Passive Participle

Prefixes: sam+abhi

Root: plu (class 1)

ज्योत्स्नाम् (jyotsnām) - moonlight

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jyotsnā

jyotsnā - moonlight

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अरुणग्रस्ताम् (aruṇagrastām) - seized by Aruṇa (dawn/sun), eclipsed by dawn

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aruṇagrasta

aruṇagrasta - seized/devoured by Aruṇa (dawn/sun)

Past Passive Participle

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (aruṇa+grasta)

• aruṇa – Aruṇa (personified dawn or its charioteer, red, dawn)
  proper noun (masculine)
• grasta – seized, devoured
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: gras (class 1)

प्रत्यूषे (pratyūṣe) - at dawn, in the early morning

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pratyūṣa

pratyūṣa - dawn, early morning

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विराजतीम् (virājatīm) - shining, radiant

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of virājat

virājat - shining, radiant, splendid

Present Active Participle

Prefix: vi

Root: rāj (class 1)