वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-72, verse-19

एतत्ते सर्वमाख्यातं यन्मां पृच्छसि राघव ।
संध्यामुपासितुं वीर समयो ह्यतिवर्तते ॥१९॥

19. etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ yanmāṃ pṛcchasi rāghava ,
saṃdhyāmupāsituṃ vīra samayo hyativartate.

19. etat te sarvam ākhyātam yat mām pṛcchasi rāghava
sandhyām upāsitum vīra samayaḥ hi ativartate

19. O Rāghava, all that you asked me has been explained to you. O hero, the time for the twilight ritual is indeed passing.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ते (te) - to you, your

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything, whole

• आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - told, narrated, explained

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that

• माम् (mām) - me

• पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask

• राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma, descendant of Raghu (descendant of Raghu)

• सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - twilight, twilight ritual

• उपासितुम् (upāsitum) - to perform (the ritual) (to worship, to attend, to perform)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero (hero, brave man)

• समयः (samayaḥ) - time, occasion, proper time

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - is passing, elapsing (passes, elapses, transgresses)

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Often used anaphorically.

ते (te) - to you, your

(pronoun)

singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you

Note: Dative/genitive singular of yuşmad. Equivalent to tubhyam/tava.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything, whole

(adjective)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Functions as a neuter noun here, referring to 'all of this'.

आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - told, narrated, explained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākhyāta

ākhyāta - told, narrated, explained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √khyā (to tell) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally or with implied subject 'it'.

यत् (yat) - which, what, that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

पृच्छसि (pṛcchasi) - you ask

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pṛcch

Present Tense, Active Voice

From √prach (5th class), present stem pṛcch-

Root: prach (class 5)

राघव (rāghava) - O Rāma, descendant of Raghu (descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu

Patronymic from Raghu

Note: Addressed to Rāma.

सन्ध्याम् (sandhyām) - twilight, twilight ritual

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight, junction, period of transition (morning, noon, evening); the ritual performed at these junctures

Note: Refers to the daily ritual at dawn, noon, or dusk.

उपासितुम् (upāsitum) - to perform (the ritual) (to worship, to attend, to perform)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √ās (to sit) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

वीर (vīra) - O hero (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, powerful

Note: Addressed to Rāma.

समयः (samayaḥ) - time, occasion, proper time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samaya

samaya - time, occasion, covenant, agreement, custom

Root: i (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अतिवर्तते (ativartate) - is passing, elapsing (passes, elapses, transgresses)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ativartate

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From √vṛt (1st class) with prefix ati-

Prefix: ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)