वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-60, verse-4

ततो ऽर्धदिवसे प्राप्ते क्रूरकर्मा स राक्षसः ।
आगच्छद्बहुसहस्रं प्राणिनामुद्वहन्भरम् ॥४॥

4. tato'rdhadivase prāpte krūrakarmā sa rākṣasaḥ ,
āgacchadbahusahasraṃ prāṇināmudvahanbharam.

4. tataḥ ardhadivase prāpte krūrakarmā saḥ rākṣasaḥ
āgacchat bahusahasram prāṇinām udvahan bharam

4. Then, when midday arrived, that demon, whose actions were cruel, came, carrying the burden of many thousands of living beings.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, therefore)

• अर्धदिवसे (ardhadivase) - at midday (at midday, in the middle of the day)

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it arrived (having arrived, attained, reached)

• क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - whose actions were cruel (cruel-doer, one whose actions are cruel)

• सः (saḥ) - that (he) (that, he)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon (demon, a kind of malignant being)

• आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - came (he came, approached)

• बहुसहस्रम् (bahusahasram) - many thousands (many thousands, a great many thousands)

• प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings (of living beings, of creatures)

• उद्वहन् (udvahan) - carrying (carrying, bearing, supporting)

• भरम् (bharam) - the burden (burden, load, weight, quantity)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas applied to tad (that)

अर्धदिवसे (ardhadivase) - at midday (at midday, in the middle of the day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ardhadivasa

ardhadivasa - midday, half-day

compound of ardha (half) + divasa (day)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ardha+divasa)

• ardha – half
  adjective (masculine)
• divasa – day
  noun (masculine)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it arrived (having arrived, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, attained, reached

Past Passive Participle

from pra + āp (to obtain, reach)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

क्रूरकर्मा (krūrakarmā) - whose actions were cruel (cruel-doer, one whose actions are cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krūrakarman

krūrakarman - cruel-doer, one whose actions are cruel

compound of krūra (cruel) + karman (action, deed)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (krūra+karman)

• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective (masculine)
• karman – action, deed, work (karma)
  noun (neuter)
  from kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with rākṣasaḥ.

सः (saḥ) - that (he) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to rākṣasaḥ.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon (demon, a kind of malignant being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, a kind of malignant being

from rakṣ (to guard, protect), but often associated with harmful beings.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

आगच्छत् (āgacchat) - came (he came, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

बहुसहस्रम् (bahusahasram) - many thousands (many thousands, a great many thousands)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahusahasra

bahusahasra - many thousands, a great many thousands

compound of bahu (many) + sahasra (thousand)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+sahasra)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial or refers to the 'load' quantity.

प्राणिनाम् (prāṇinām) - of living beings (of living beings, of creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇin

prāṇin - living being, creature, animate

from prāṇa (breath, life)

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Possessive for 'bharam'.

उद्वहन् (udvahan) - carrying (carrying, bearing, supporting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvahat

udvahat - carrying, bearing, supporting

Present Active Participle

from ud + vah (to carry)

Prefix: ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rākṣasaḥ.

भरम् (bharam) - the burden (burden, load, weight, quantity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhara

bhara - burden, load, weight, quantity

from bhṛ (to bear)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)