वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-60, verse-18

तमुवाचाथ शत्रुघ्नः क्व मे जीवन् गमिष्यसि ।
दुर्बलो ऽप्यागतः शत्रुर्न मोक्तव्यः कृतात्मना ॥१८॥

18. tamuvācātha śatrughnaḥ kva me jīvan gamiṣyasi ,
durbalo'pyāgataḥ śatrurna moktavyaḥ kṛtātmanā.

18. tam uvāca atha śatrughnaḥ kva me jīvan gamiṣyasi
durbalaḥ api āgataḥ śatruḥ na moktavyaḥ kṛtātmanā

18. atha śatrughnaḥ tam uvāca kva me jīvan gamiṣyasi
durbalaḥ api āgataḥ śatruḥ kṛtātmanā na moktavyaḥ

18. Then Shatrughna said to him: 'Where will you go, remaining alive, escaping me? An enemy, even if he has arrived weak, should not be released by a resolute person.'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Lavaṇa) (him, that)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, next, now

• शत्रुघ्नः (śatrughnaḥ) - Shatrughna (name of a hero)

• क्व (kva) - where?

• मे (me) - escaping me, from me (my, to me, for me)

• जीवन् (jīvan) - remaining alive (living, being alive)

• गमिष्यसि (gamiṣyasi) - you will go

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come (arrived, come)

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

• न (na) - not

• मोक्तव्यः (moktavyaḥ) - to be released, should be released

• कृतात्मना (kṛtātmanā) - by a resolute person, by one whose self is disciplined

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Lavaṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the root vac (class 2).

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, next, now

(indeclinable)

शत्रुघ्नः (śatrughnaḥ) - Shatrughna (name of a hero)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - killer of enemies, Shatrughna (proper name)

Compound of 'śatru' (enemy) and 'ghna' (killing, killer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+ghna)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – killing, killer, slayer
  adjective
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with suffix '-a'.
  Root: han (class 2)

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - escaping me, from me (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I

Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.

Note: Used here in a dative or genitive sense, indicating relation or separation.

जीवन् (jīvan) - remaining alive (living, being alive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

present active participle

Present active participle of the root 'jīv' (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subject 'you' of 'gamiṣyasi'.

गमिष्यसि (gamiṣyasi) - you will go

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of gam

future active

Future tense, 2nd person singular, active voice of the root 'gam'.

Root: gam (class 1)

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Compound of 'dur-' (bad, difficult) and 'bala' (strength).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'śatruḥ'.

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come (arrived, come)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

past passive participle

Past passive participle of the root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adjective modifying 'śatruḥ'.

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Note: Subject of the second clause.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation.

मोक्तव्यः (moktavyaḥ) - to be released, should be released

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moktavya

moktavya - to be freed, to be released, fit to be released

gerundive/future passive participle

Gerundive of the root 'muc' (to free, release).

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Predicate adjective expressing obligation or fitness.

कृतात्मना (kṛtātmanā) - by a resolute person, by one whose self is disciplined

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛtātman

kṛtātman - resolute, disciplined, self-controlled, accomplished soul

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'kṛta' (done, made) + 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+ātman)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  past passive participle
  Past passive participle of root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'na moktavyaḥ'.