वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-54, verse-13

दुःखानि च बहूनीह अनुभूतानि पार्थिव ।
शयानो दुःखशय्यासु नन्दिग्रामे महात्मना ॥१३॥

13. duḥkhāni ca bahūnīha anubhūtāni pārthiva ,
śayāno duḥkhaśayyāsu nandigrāme mahātmanā.

13. duḥkhāni ca bahūni iha anubhūtāni pārthiva
śayānaḥ duḥkhaśayyāsu nandigrāme mahātmanā

13. And many hardships were experienced here, O king, by the noble Bharata, who lay on beds of austerity in Nandigrama.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows, sufferings, hardships

• च (ca) - and, also

• बहूनि (bahūni) - many, numerous

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• अनुभूतानि (anubhūtāni) - experienced, felt

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O ruler, O earthly one

• शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying, sleeping, resting

• दुःखशय्यासु (duḥkhaśayyāsu) - on beds of austerity (on beds of sorrow, on uncomfortable beds)

• नन्दिग्रामे (nandigrāme) - in Nandigrama (name of a place)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Bharata (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sorrows, sufferings, hardships

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - pain, sorrow, suffering, misery, discomfort

From dus-√khā 'to stand badly'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

बहूनि (bahūni) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous, abundant

Note: Agrees with duḥkhāni.

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

अनुभूतानि (anubhūtāni) - experienced, felt

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of anubhūta

anubhūta - experienced, felt, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From anu-√bhū (1st class) 'to experience, feel' + kta suffix.

Prefix: anu

Root: √bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duḥkhāni.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O ruler, O earthly one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - belonging to the earth, earthly, a king, a ruler

From pṛthivī 'earth' + aṇ suffix.

शयानः (śayānaḥ) - lying, sleeping, resting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śayāna

śayāna - lying, sleeping, resting

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root √śī (2nd class) 'to lie, sleep' + śānac suffix.

Root: √śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Mahātmanā (implied subject of action).

दुःखशय्यासु (duḥkhaśayyāsu) - on beds of austerity (on beds of sorrow, on uncomfortable beds)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of duḥkhaśayyā

duḥkhaśayyā - bed of sorrow, uncomfortable bed, ascetic's bed

Compound of duḥkha (sorrow, pain) and śayyā (bed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śayyā)

• duḥkha – pain, sorrow, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• śayyā – bed, couch, sleep
  noun (feminine)
  From root √śī 'to lie' + ya + ā.
  Root: √śī (class 2)

नन्दिग्रामे (nandigrāme) - in Nandigrama (name of a place)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nandigrāma

nandigrāma - Nandigrama (a village near Ayodhya, Bharata's temporary residence during Rama's exile)

Compound of nandi (joy, happiness) and grāma (village).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nandi+grāma)

• nandi – joy, happiness
  noun (masculine)
• grāma – village, community
  noun (masculine)

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by Bharata (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, a great person

Compound of mahat (great) and ātman (soul, self).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)