वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-47, verse-4

किं नु पापं कृतं पूर्वं को वा दारैर्वियोजितः ।
याहं शुद्धसमाचारा त्यक्ता नृपतिना सती ॥४॥

4. kiṃ nu pāpaṃ kṛtaṃ pūrvaṃ ko vā dārairviyojitaḥ ,
yāhaṃ śuddhasamācārā tyaktā nṛpatinā satī.

4. kim nu pāpam kṛtam pūrvam kaḥ vā dāraiḥ viyojitaḥ
| yā aham śuddhasamācārā tyaktā nṛpatinā satī

4. kim nu pāpam pūrvam kṛtam vā kaḥ dāraiḥ viyojitaḥ
yā aham śuddhasamācārā satī nṛpatinā tyaktā

4. What sin (karma) was committed by me previously, or who was separated from his wife, such that I, a woman of pure conduct and virtue, am abandoned by the king?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, certainly

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (karma) (sin, evil, wrong)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, before

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• वा (vā) - or

• दारैः (dāraiḥ) - by wives, from wives

• वियोजितः (viyojitaḥ) - separated, parted

• या (yā) - who, which (feminine)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• शुद्धसमाचारा (śuddhasamācārā) - of pure conduct, virtuous in behavior

• त्यक्ता (tyaktā) - abandoned, forsaken

• नृपतिना (nṛpatinā) - by the king

• सती (satī) - being chaste, virtuous

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

नु (nu) - indeed, now, certainly

(indeclinable)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (karma) (sin, evil, wrong)

(noun)

neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wrong, misfortune

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'pāpam'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially in neuter accusative singular.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, which, what

Note: Masculine nominative singular of 'kim'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

दारैः (dāraiḥ) - by wives, from wives

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife, wives

Note: Used with 'viyojitaḥ' to indicate separation.

वियोजितः (viyojitaḥ) - separated, parted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viyojita

viyojita - separated, disjoined, parted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root yuj (to join) with prefix vi- (apart) and causal suffix -i.

Prefix: vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'kaḥ'.

या (yā) - who, which (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, feminine nominative singular, refers to 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

शुद्धसमाचारा (śuddhasamācārā) - of pure conduct, virtuous in behavior

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śuddhasamācāra

śuddhasamācāra - of pure conduct, virtuous in behavior

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śuddha+samācāra)

• śuddha – pure, clean, clear
  adjective (masculine)
• samācāra – conduct, behavior, practice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Feminine nominative singular, agreeing with 'aham'.

त्यक्ता (tyaktā) - abandoned, forsaken

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, left

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root tyaj (to abandon, forsake).

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Feminine nominative singular, agreeing with 'aham'.

नृपतिना (nṛpatinā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - king, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, male
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'tyaktā'.

सती (satī) - being chaste, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satī

satī - a virtuous woman, chaste wife, being, existing (feminine of sat)

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of 'sat', the present participle of the root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.

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