वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-47, verse-18

सा दुःखभारावनता तपस्विनी यशोधरा नाथमपश्यती सती ।
रुरोद सा बर्हिणनादिते वने महास्वनं दुःखपरायणा सती ॥१८॥

18. sā duḥkhabhārāvanatā tapasvinī yaśodharā nāthamapaśyatī satī ,
ruroda sā barhiṇanādite vane mahāsvanaṃ duḥkhaparāyaṇā satī.

18. sā duḥkhabhārāvanatā tapasvinī
yaśodharā nātham apaśyatī satī
ruroda sā barhiṇanādite vane
mahāsvanam duḥkhaparāyaṇā satī

18. sā दुःखभारावनता तपस्विनी यशोधरा नाथम् अपश्यती सती
दुःखपरायणा सती बर्हिणनादिते वने महास्वनम् रुरोद

18. That pitiable ascetic (tapasvinī) woman, illustrious and bowed down by the heavy burden of grief, not seeing her protector, wept loudly in the forest, which echoed with the cries of peacocks, utterly consumed by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - she, that

• दुःखभारावनता (duḥkhabhārāvanatā) - bowed down by the burden of grief, laden with sorrow

• तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - pitiable woman, ascetic woman

• यशोधरा (yaśodharā) - illustrious (epithet for Sītā) (illustrious, fame-bearing, glorious)

• नाथम् (nātham) - protector, lord, master

• अपश्यती (apaśyatī) - not seeing, unseeing

• सती (satī) - being (qualifies preceding participles) (being, existing, virtuous)

• रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept, she cried

• सा (sā) - she, that

• बर्हिणनादिते (barhiṇanādite) - resounded by peacocks, where peacocks call

• वने (vane) - in the forest, in the grove

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound, loudly

• दुःखपरायणा (duḥkhaparāyaṇā) - completely devoted to sorrow, overwhelmed by sorrow

• सती (satī) - being (qualifies preceding participle/adjective) (being, existing, virtuous)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - she, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

दुःखभारावनता (duḥkhabhārāvanatā) - bowed down by the burden of grief, laden with sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhabhārāvanatā

duḥkhabhārāvanata - bowed down by the burden of grief

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkhabhāra+avanata)

• duḥkhabhāra – burden of grief
  noun (masculine)
• avanata – bowed, bent, humbled
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √nam (to bow, bend) with prefix ava-.
  Prefix: ava
  Root: √nam (class 1)

तपस्विनी (tapasvinī) - pitiable woman, ascetic woman

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tapasvinī

tapasvinī - pitiable woman, ascetic woman, female renunciant

Feminine form of tapasvin (one who performs tapas, an ascetic). Derived from tapas (asceticism).

यशोधरा (yaśodharā) - illustrious (epithet for Sītā) (illustrious, fame-bearing, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yaśodharā

yaśodharā - fame-bearing, glorious, illustrious; a proper name (e.g., Buddha's wife)

Derived from yaśas (fame, glory) and √dhṛ (to bear).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yaśas+dhara)

• yaśas – fame, glory, renown
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearing, holding, maintaining
  adjective (feminine)
  Derived from the root √dhṛ (to bear, hold).
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)

नाथम् (nātham) - protector, lord, master

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nātha

nātha - lord, master, protector, husband

अपश्यती (apaśyatī) - not seeing, unseeing

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apaśyatī

apaśyatī - not seeing, unseeing, unaware

Present Active Participle

Negative particle 'a-' combined with the feminine present active participle of √dṛś (to see).

Prefix: a

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

सती (satī) - being (qualifies preceding participles) (being, existing, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satī

satī - being, existing, virtuous, chaste (feminine of sat)

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of sat, the present active participle of the root √as (to be).

Root: √as (class 2)

रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept, she cried

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of rud

Perfect

Derived from the root √rud (to weep).

Root: √rud (class 2)

सा (sā) - she, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

बर्हिणनादिते (barhiṇanādite) - resounded by peacocks, where peacocks call

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of barhiṇanādita

barhiṇanādita - resounded by peacocks, filled with the cries of peacocks

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (barhiṇa+nādita)

• barhiṇa – peacock
  noun (masculine)
• nādita – resounded, sounded, made to sound
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √nad (to sound, roar, make a noise).
  Root: √nad (class 1)

वने (vane) - in the forest, in the grove

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound, loudly

(indeclinable)

Compound type : karma_dhāraya (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• svana – sound, noise, voice
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root √svan (to sound, roar).
  Root: √svan (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here.

दुःखपरायणा (duḥkhaparāyaṇā) - completely devoted to sorrow, overwhelmed by sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhaparāyaṇā

duḥkhaparāyaṇā - devoted to sorrow, overwhelmed by misery, having sorrow as the ultimate resort

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+parāyaṇā)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• parāyaṇā – devoted to, intent on, having as a chief object or resort
  adjective (feminine)

सती (satī) - being (qualifies preceding participle/adjective) (being, existing, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satī

satī - being, existing, virtuous, chaste (feminine of sat)

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of sat, the present active participle of the root √as (to be).

Root: √as (class 2)

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