वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-47, verse-15

स गत्वा चोत्तरं कूलं शोकभारसमन्वितः ।
संमूढ इव दुःखेन रथमध्यारुहद्द्रुतम् ॥१५॥

15. sa gatvā cottaraṃ kūlaṃ śokabhārasamanvitaḥ ,
saṃmūḍha iva duḥkhena rathamadhyāruhaddrutam.

15. sa gatvā ca uttaram kūlam śokabhārasamanvitaḥ
saṃmūḍhaḥ iva duḥkhena ratham adhyāruhat drutam

15. sa śokabhārasamanvitaḥ duḥkhena saṃmūḍhaḥ iva
uttaram kūlam gatvā ca drutam ratham adhyāruhat

15. He went to the northern bank, overwhelmed by a heavy burden of grief. As if bewildered by sorrow, he quickly mounted the chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern (northern, upper, later, excellent)

• कूलम् (kūlam) - bank, shore, slope

• शोकभारसमन्वितः (śokabhārasamanvitaḥ) - accompanied by the burden of grief, laden with sorrow

• संमूढः (saṁmūḍhaḥ) - bewildered, confused, infatuated

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain, by misery

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• अध्यारुहत् (adhyāruhat) - he ascended, he mounted

• द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly, fast

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he/she/it

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from the root √gam with the suffix -tvā.

Root: √gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - northern (northern, upper, later, excellent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - northern, upper, later, excellent, superior

कूलम् (kūlam) - bank, shore, slope

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kūla

kūla - bank, shore, slope, mound

शोकभारसमन्वितः (śokabhārasamanvitaḥ) - accompanied by the burden of grief, laden with sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokabhārasamanvita

śokabhārasamanvita - accompanied by the burden of grief, filled with sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śokabhāra+samanvita)

• śokabhāra – burden of grief
  noun (masculine)
• samanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √vid (to find, to know) with prefixes sam- and anu-.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: √vid (class 6)

संमूढः (saṁmūḍhaḥ) - bewildered, confused, infatuated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃmūḍha

saṁmūḍha - bewildered, confused, infatuated, ignorant

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √muh (to be bewildered, confused) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: √muh (class 4)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain, by misery

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, misery, suffering

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

अध्यारुहत् (adhyāruhat) - he ascended, he mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of adhyāruh

Imperfect

Root √ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefixes adhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: adhi+ā

Root: √ruh (class 1)

द्रुतम् (drutam) - quickly, swiftly, fast

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (often used adverbially)

Derived from the root √dru (to run, flow).

Root: √dru (class 1)

Note: Adverbial usage.

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