वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-47, verse-14

प्रदक्षिणं च कृत्वा स रुदन्नेव महास्वनम् ।
आरुरोह पुनर्नावं नाविकं चाभ्यचोदयत् ॥१४॥

14. pradakṣiṇaṃ ca kṛtvā sa rudanneva mahāsvanam ,
āruroha punarnāvaṃ nāvikaṃ cābhyacodayat.

14. pradakṣiṇam ca kṛtvā saḥ rudan eva mahāsvanam
| āruroha punaḥ nāvam nāvikam ca abhyacodayat

14. saḥ pradakṣiṇam ca kṛtvā,
mahāsvanam rudan eva,
punaḥ nāvam āruroha,
ca nāvikam abhyacodayat.

14. And having performed a circumambulation, he, weeping loudly, again boarded the boat and urged the boatman on.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise), reverent circling

• च (ca) - and, also

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• सः (saḥ) - he

• रुदन् (rudan) - crying, weeping

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound, loudly

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - he ascended, he boarded

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

• नावम् (nāvam) - boat

• नाविकम् (nāvikam) - boatman

• च (ca) - and, also

• अभ्यचोदयत् (abhyacodayat) - he urged, he propelled

Words meanings and morphology

प्रदक्षिणम् (pradakṣiṇam) - circumambulation (clockwise), reverent circling

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradakṣiṇa

pradakṣiṇa - circumambulation (keeping right side towards the object of reverence)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (pra+dakṣiṇa)

• pra – forth, forward, very
  indeclinable
• dakṣiṇa – right (direction), southern, skilled
  adjective

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle indicating prior action

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, that

रुदन् (rudan) - crying, weeping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - crying, weeping (present participle)

Present Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular of 'rudat' (from root 'rud')

Root: rud (class 2)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound, loudly

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - great sound, loud noise

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, cry
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

आरुरोह (āruroha) - he ascended, he boarded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āruh

Root class 1, active voice, perfect tense (lit)

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore

(indeclinable)

नावम् (nāvam) - boat

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

नाविकम् (nāvikam) - boatman

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāvika

nāvika - boatman, sailor

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अभ्यचोदयत् (abhyacodayat) - he urged, he propelled

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhicud

Root class 10 (causal of 'cud'), active voice, imperfect tense (laṅ)

Prefix: abhi

Root: cud (class 10)

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