वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-9, verse-8

अप्युपायैस्त्रिभिस्तात यो ऽर्थः प्राप्तुं न शक्यते ।
तस्य विक्रमकालांस्तान्युक्तानाहुर्मनीषिणः ॥८॥

8. apyupāyaistribhistāta yo'rthaḥ prāptuṃ na śakyate ,
tasya vikramakālāṃstānyuktānāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ.

8. api upāyaiḥ tribhiḥ tāta yaḥ arthaḥ prāptuṃ na
śakyate tasya vikramakālān tān yuktān āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ

8. tāta,
yaḥ arthaḥ api tribhiḥ upāyaiḥ prāptuṃ na śakyate,
tasya tān vikramakālān yuktān manīṣiṇaḥ āhuḥ

8. O dear one, wise persons declare that those times are suitable for courageous action when an objective cannot be achieved even by the three conventional means (upāyāḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by the conventional three means (sāmā, dāna, bheda) (by means, by expedients)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

• तात (tāta) - O dear one (Vibhishana addressing a listener) (dear one, my child, father (term of endearment))

• यः (yaḥ) - which, who

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - object, purpose, goal, meaning, wealth

• प्राप्तुं (prāptuṁ) - to obtain, to achieve

• न (na) - not

• शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible, can be done

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, its

• विक्रमकालान् (vikramakālān) - times for valorous action, times for heroism

• तान् (tān) - those

• युक्तान् (yuktān) - suitable, appropriate, proper

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise men, sagacious ones

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

उपायैः (upāyaiḥ) - by the conventional three means (sāmā, dāna, bheda) (by means, by expedients)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of upaya

upaya - means, expedient, strategy, device

From 'upa' + '√i' (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to the three traditional means of policy.

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

(numeral)

तात (tāta) - O dear one (Vibhishana addressing a listener) (dear one, my child, father (term of endearment))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear, my child, father (vocative term of endearment)

Note: Used by an elder to a younger person or as a general term of affection.

यः (yaḥ) - which, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'arthaḥ'.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - object, purpose, goal, meaning, wealth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, aim, goal, meaning, wealth, thing

प्राप्तुं (prāptuṁ) - to obtain, to achieve

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From pra + √āp + tumun suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Used with 'śakyate'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शक्यते (śakyate) - is possible, can be done

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of √śak

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Passive

√śak (to be able) in passive voice, ya infix.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The subject 'arthaḥ' is in nominative, indicating a passive construction.

तस्य (tasya) - of that, its

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the 'arthaḥ' mentioned earlier.

विक्रमकालान् (vikramakālān) - times for valorous action, times for heroism

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vikramakāla

vikramakāla - time for valor, opportune moment for heroic action

Compound of 'vikrama' (valor) and 'kāla' (time).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vikrama+kāla)

• vikrama – valour, heroism, mighty stride
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, proper time
  noun (masculine)

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with 'vikramakālān' and 'yuktān'.

युक्तान् (yuktān) - suitable, appropriate, proper

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, united, fit, proper, suitable, engaged, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join) + kta (PPP suffix).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Used as an adjective here.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √ah

Perfect Tense, 3rd Person Plural (irregular)

Root √ah, perfect form.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

मनीषिणः (manīṣiṇaḥ) - wise men, sagacious ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, sagacious, intelligent (noun: wise man)

Derived from 'manīṣā' (intellect).

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