वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-9, verse-10

अप्रमत्तं कथं तं तु विजिगीषुं बले स्थितम् ।
जितरोषं दुराधर्षं प्रधर्षयितुमिच्छथ ॥१०॥

10. apramattaṃ kathaṃ taṃ tu vijigīṣuṃ bale sthitam ,
jitaroṣaṃ durādharṣaṃ pradharṣayitumicchatha.

10. apramattam katham tam tu vijigīṣum bale sthitam
jitaroṣam durādharṣam pradharṣayitum icchatha

10. katham tu yūyam apramattam bale sthitam jitaroṣam
durādharṣam tam vijigīṣum pradharṣayitum icchatha

10. How then do you wish to assault him, who is vigilant, firmly established in his strength, has conquered his anger, is invincible, and is always desirous of victory?

Words meanings summery:

• अप्रमत्तम् (apramattam) - vigilant (vigilant, attentive, not negligent)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what manner)

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the adversary) (him, that (masculine))

• तु (tu) - then (as a particle adding emphasis) (but, indeed, moreover, on the other hand)

• विजिगीषुम् (vijigīṣum) - desirous of victory (desirous of victory, a conqueror, wishing to subdue)

• बले (bale) - in his strength (in strength, in power, in force)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - firmly established (situated, established, firm, standing)

• जितरोषम् (jitaroṣam) - one who has conquered his anger (one whose anger is conquered)

• दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - invincible (difficult to attack, unconquerable, invincible)

• प्रधर्षयितुम् (pradharṣayitum) - to assault (to assault, to attack, to overpower)

• इच्छथ (icchatha) - you (plural) desire (you (plural) desire/wish)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रमत्तम् (apramattam) - vigilant (vigilant, attentive, not negligent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, attentive, not negligent, careful

Past Passive Participle (derived form)

From pra-mad (to be heedless) with negative prefix 'a-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Derived from verbal root mad with prefix pra, and then negated with a.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Derived from kim (what) + suffix -tham

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the adversary) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - then (as a particle adding emphasis) (but, indeed, moreover, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

विजिगीषुम् (vijigīṣum) - desirous of victory (desirous of victory, a conqueror, wishing to subdue)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vijigīṣu

vijigīṣu - desirous of victory, wishing to conquer, intending to subdue

Desiderative noun/adjective

Desiderative of root ji (to conquer) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

बले (bale) - in his strength (in strength, in power, in force)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

स्थितम् (sthitam) - firmly established (situated, established, firm, standing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, established, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

जितरोषम् (jitaroṣam) - one who has conquered his anger (one whose anger is conquered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jitaroṣa

jitaroṣa - one who has conquered anger, self-controlled regarding anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+roṣa)

• jita – conquered, won
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• roṣa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)

दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - invincible (difficult to attack, unconquerable, invincible)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - difficult to approach, difficult to attack, invincible, unconquerable

Gerundive/Kṛtya

From root dhṛṣ (to dare, to attack) with prefixes dur-ā.

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

प्रधर्षयितुम् (pradharṣayitum) - to assault (to assault, to attack, to overpower)

(infinitive)

इच्छथ (icchatha) - you (plural) desire (you (plural) desire/wish)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of iṣ

Present Indicative

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Derived from root 'iṣ' (to wish, desire) with reduplication 'iccha'.

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