वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-9, verse-13

किं च राक्षसराजस्य रामेणापकृतं पुरा ।
आजहार जनस्थानाद् यस्य भार्यां यशस्विनः ॥१३॥

13. kiṃ ca rākṣasarājasya rāmeṇāpakṛtaṃ purā ,
ājahāra janasthānād yasya bhāryāṃ yaśasvinaḥ.

13. kim ca rākṣasarājasya rāmeṇa apakṛtam purā
ājahāra janasthānāt yasya bhāryām yaśasvinaḥ

13. kim ca purā rāmeṇa rākṣasarājasya kim apakṛtam,
yat saḥ janasthānāt yasya yaśasvinaḥ bhāryām ājahāra.

13. Moreover, what wrong was done by Rāma to the king of Rākṣasas earlier, that he (Rāvaṇa) carried off the wife of that glorious one (Rāma) from Janasthāna?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what (rhetorical question) (what, why)

• च (ca) - moreover (and, also, moreover)

• राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of the king of Rākṣasas

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma (by Rama)

• अपकृतम् (apakṛtam) - wrong (deed) (wronged, injured, harmed, a wrong deed)

• पुरा (purā) - earlier, previously (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

• आजहार (ājahāra) - he carried off (he took away, he carried off, he abducted)

• जनस्थानात् (janasthānāt) - from Janasthāna (from Janasthāna (a region/place))

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Rāma) (whose, of whom)

• भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, spouse)

• यशस्विनः (yaśasvinaḥ) - glorious (referring to Rāma) (glorious, famous, illustrious)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what (rhetorical question) (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, whether

च (ca) - moreover (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

राक्षसराजस्य (rākṣasarājasya) - of the king of Rākṣasas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rākṣasarāja

rākṣasarāja - king of Rākṣasas, chief of demons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+rājan)

• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma (by Rama)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name), pleasing, dark

अपकृतम् (apakṛtam) - wrong (deed) (wronged, injured, harmed, a wrong deed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apakṛta

apakṛta - wronged, injured, harmed, a wrong deed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do) with prefix apa (away, badly).

Prefix: apa

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used substantively here, meaning 'a wrong'.

पुरा (purā) - earlier, previously (formerly, previously, in ancient times)

(indeclinable)

आजहार (ājahāra) - he carried off (he took away, he carried off, he abducted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of hṛ

Perfect tense

From root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

जनस्थानात् (janasthānāt) - from Janasthāna (from Janasthāna (a region/place))

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of janasthāna

janasthāna - Janasthāna (a proper noun, name of a region in the Dandaka forest), habitat of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+sthāna)

• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)
• sthāna – place, stand, abode
  noun (neuter)

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Rāma) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whose

Note: Connects to the implied 'Rāma' from 'rāmeṇa' and explicitly to 'yaśasvinaḥ'.

भार्याम् (bhāryām) - wife (wife, spouse)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Gerundive/Kṛtya (feminine form)

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -ya, then feminine -ā.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

यशस्विनः (yaśasvinaḥ) - glorious (referring to Rāma) (glorious, famous, illustrious)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, illustrious, renowned

From yaśas (glory) with suffix -vin.

Note: Agrees with 'yasya' and refers to Rāma.

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