वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-9, verse-11

समुद्रं लङ्घयित्वा तु घोरं नदनदीपतिम् ।
कृतं हनुमता कर्म दुष्करं तर्कयेत कः ॥११॥

11. samudraṃ laṅghayitvā tu ghoraṃ nadanadīpatim ,
kṛtaṃ hanumatā karma duṣkaraṃ tarkayeta kaḥ.

11. samudram laṅghayitvā tu ghoram nadanadīpatim
kṛtam hanumatā karma duṣkaram tarkayeta kaḥ

11. kaḥ tu tarkayeta yat hanumatā ghoram nadanadīpatim
samudram laṅghayitvā duṣkaram karma kṛtam

11. Who could have imagined that Hanuman performed such an arduous feat as crossing the terrible ocean, the lord of all rivers and streams?

Words meanings summery:

• समुद्रम् (samudram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

• लङ्घयित्वा (laṅghayitvā) - having crossed (having crossed, having leaped over, having transgressed)

• तु (tu) - (particle for emphasis) (but, indeed, moreover, on the other hand)

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

• नदनदीपतिम् (nadanadīpatim) - lord of all rivers and streams (lord of rivers and streams (an epithet for the ocean))

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, performed, accomplished)

• हनुमता (hanumatā) - by Hanuman

• कर्म (karma) - feat, deed (action, deed, work, destiny (karma))

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - arduous (difficult to do, arduous, impossible)

• तर्कयेत (tarkayeta) - would imagine (would imagine, would suppose, would consider)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

Words meanings and morphology

समुद्रम् (samudram) - the ocean (ocean, sea)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

लङ्घयित्वा (laṅghayitvā) - having crossed (having crossed, having leaped over, having transgressed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Ktvā)

From causative of root laṅgh (to leap, to cross).

Root: laṅgh (class 1)

तु (tu) - (particle for emphasis) (but, indeed, moreover, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible (terrible, dreadful, awful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, awful, formidable

नदनदीपतिम् (nadanadīpatim) - lord of all rivers and streams (lord of rivers and streams (an epithet for the ocean))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nadanadīpati

nadanadīpati - lord of rivers and streams

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (nada+nadī+pati)

• nada – river (masculine, large river)
  noun (masculine)
• nadī – river (feminine, smaller river)
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - accomplished (done, performed, accomplished)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Often used substantively, here agreeing with karma.

हनुमता (hanumatā) - by Hanuman

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanuman (proper name), having a jaw

कर्म (karma) - feat, deed (action, deed, work, destiny (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - arduous (difficult to do, arduous, impossible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, arduous, hard, impossible

Gerundive/Kṛtya

From root kṛ (to do, to make) with prefix dus (difficult, bad).

Prefix: dus

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तर्कयेत (tarkayeta) - would imagine (would imagine, would suppose, would consider)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of tark

Optative mood

From root tark (to think).

Root: tark (class 10)

कः (kaḥ) - who (who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which, why

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