वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-26, verse-20

शोकानिमित्तानि तदा बहूनि धैर्यार्जितानि प्रवराणि लोके ।
प्रादुर्निमित्तानि तदा बभूवुः पुरापि सिद्धान्युपलक्षितानि ॥२०॥

20. śokānimittāni tadā bahūni dhairyārjitāni pravarāṇi loke ,
prādurnimittāni tadā babhūvuḥ purāpi siddhānyupalakṣitāni.

20. śokānimittāni tadā bahūni dhairyārjitāni pravavarāṇi loke
prādurnimittāni tadā babhūvuḥ purā api siddhāni upalakṣitāni

20. tadā bahūni dhairyārjitāni pravavarāṇi loke śokānimittāni
prādurnimittāni babhūvuḥ tadā purā api siddhāni upalakṣitāni

20. Many omens of sorrow, renowned in the world for testing one's fortitude, then manifested. These were also previously well-established and observed.

Words meanings summery:

• शोकानिमित्तानि (śokānimittāni) - omens of sorrow, signs of distress

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• बहूनि (bahūni) - many, numerous

• धैर्यार्जितानि (dhairyārjitāni) - acquired through fortitude, requiring fortitude, testing fortitude

• प्रववराणि (pravavarāṇi) - most excellent, chief, eminent

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• प्रादुर्निमित्तानि (prādurnimittāni) - manifest omens, signs appearing

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they appeared, they became, they were

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, anciently

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• सिद्धानि (siddhāni) - established, proven, accomplished, recognized

• उपलक्षितानि (upalakṣitāni) - observed, noticed, perceived

Words meanings and morphology

शोकानिमित्तानि (śokānimittāni) - omens of sorrow, signs of distress

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of śokānimitta

śokānimitta - omen of sorrow, sign of distress

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+nimitta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• nimitta – omen, sign, cause, mark
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'babhūvuḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

बहूनि (bahūni) - many, numerous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of bahu

bahu - many, numerous, much

Note: Qualifies 'śokānimittāni'.

धैर्यार्जितानि (dhairyārjitāni) - acquired through fortitude, requiring fortitude, testing fortitude

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of dhairyārjita

dhairyārjita - acquired by fortitude, earned through patience, requiring courage to endure

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'dhairya' (fortitude) + 'arjita' (acquired).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhairya+arjita)

• dhairya – fortitude, patience, courage, steadfastness
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'dhīra' (steady, firm).
• arjita – acquired, earned, gained
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ṛj' (to gain, acquire).
  Root: ṛj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śokānimittāni'.

प्रववराणि (pravavarāṇi) - most excellent, chief, eminent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of pravavara

pravavara - most excellent, chief, eminent, superior

Derived from 'vara' (best, excellent) with intensive prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śokānimittāni'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, space

Root: lok (class 1)

Note: 'In the world'.

प्रादुर्निमित्तानि (prādurnimittāni) - manifest omens, signs appearing

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of prādurnimitta

prādurnimitta - manifest omen, sign that appears

Compound: 'prādur' (manifest) + 'nimitta' (omen).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prādur+nimitta)

• prādur – manifest, visible, apparent
  indeclinable
• nimitta – omen, sign, cause, mark
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'babhūvuḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

बभूवुः (babhūvuḥ) - they appeared, they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural

Reduplicated root.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, anciently

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'previously'.

सिद्धानि (siddhāni) - established, proven, accomplished, recognized

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of siddha

siddha - established, proven, accomplished, successful, recognized

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sidh' (to succeed, be accomplished).

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'prādurnimittāni' (or 'śokānimittāni').

उपलक्षितानि (upalakṣitāni) - observed, noticed, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of upalakṣita

upalakṣita - observed, noticed, perceived, characterized by

Past Passive Participle

From root 'lakṣ' (to perceive, mark) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'prādurnimittāni' (or 'śokānimittāni').