वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-26, verse-13

मोघो हि धर्मश्चरितो ममायं तथैकपत्नीत्वमिदं निरर्थम् ।
या त्वां न पश्यामि कृशा विवर्णा हीना त्वया संगमने निराशा ॥१३॥

13. mogho hi dharmaścarito mamāyaṃ tathaikapatnītvamidaṃ nirartham ,
yā tvāṃ na paśyāmi kṛśā vivarṇā hīnā tvayā saṃgamane nirāśā.

13. moghaḥ hi dharmaḥ caritaḥ mama
ayam tathā ekapatnītvam idam
nirartham yā tvām na paśyāmi kṛśā
vivarṇā hīnā tvayā saṃgamane nirāśā

13. Indeed, this path of natural law (dharma) that I have observed has become futile, and likewise, this state of being a devoted wife (ekapatnītva) has become meaningless. For I do not see you; I am emaciated, discolored, bereft of you, and despairing of our reunion.

Words meanings summery:

• मोघः (moghaḥ) - futile (futile, vain, useless)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (the path of righteousness, conduct) (duty, righteousness, natural law)

• चरितः (caritaḥ) - observed (by me) (practiced, observed, performed; conduct, character)

• मम (mama) - by me (implied agent of 'caritaḥ') (my, of me)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to 'dharmaḥ') (this (masculine))

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, likewise, also)

• एकपत्नीत्वम् (ekapatnītvam) - state of being a devoted wife (ekapatnītva) (state of having only one wife, monogamy; state of being a devoted wife)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to 'ekapatnītvam') (this (neuter))

• निरर्थम् (nirartham) - meaningless (meaningless, useless, in vain)

• या (yā) - for I (referring to Sītā) (who, which (feminine))

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Rāma) (you (accusative singular))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

• कृशा (kṛśā) - emaciated (referring to Sītā) (emaciated, thin, weak)

• विवर्णा (vivarṇā) - discolored (due to suffering) (discolored, pale, changed in color)

• हीना (hīnā) - bereft of (deprived of, abandoned, deficient)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Rāma) (by you)

• संगमने (saṁgamane) - of reunion (in meeting, in union, in reunion)

• निराशा (nirāśā) - despairing (hopeless, despairing)

Words meanings and morphology

मोघः (moghaḥ) - futile (futile, vain, useless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mogha

mogha - futile, vain, useless, empty

Note: Predicative for 'dharmaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (the path of righteousness, conduct) (duty, righteousness, natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence, "this dharma".

चरितः (caritaḥ) - observed (by me) (practiced, observed, performed; conduct, character)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of carita

carita - done, practiced, observed, performed; behavior, conduct

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root car (to move, to practice)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dharmaḥ'.

मम (mama) - by me (implied agent of 'caritaḥ') (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Genitive of agent with past passive participle.

अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to 'dharmaḥ') (this (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, likewise, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a similar statement.

एकपत्नीत्वम् (ekapatnītvam) - state of being a devoted wife (ekapatnītva) (state of having only one wife, monogamy; state of being a devoted wife)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ekapatnītva

ekapatnītva - the state of having one wife (monogamy), the state of being a devoted wife

Compound type : tatpurusha (ekapatnī+tva)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• patnī – wife
  noun (feminine)
• tva – -ness, -hood (suffix forming abstract nouns)
  suffix (neuter)
  Suffix forming abstract noun from 'ekapatnī'

Note: Subject of the second clause.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to 'ekapatnītvam') (this (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

निरर्थम् (nirartham) - meaningless (meaningless, useless, in vain)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirartha

nirartha - meaningless, useless, in vain, profitless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+artha)

• nis – out, forth, without (prefix)
  indeclinable
• artha – meaning, purpose, aim, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative for 'ekapatnītvam'.

या (yā) - for I (referring to Sītā) (who, which (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, here used as a conjunction 'because I'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Rāma) (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'paśyāmi'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'paśyāmi'.

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present indicative, 1st person singular, active voice (uses the root 'paś' in present tense)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'aham' (I).

कृशा (kṛśā) - emaciated (referring to Sītā) (emaciated, thin, weak)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, emaciated, lean, weak

Note: Predicative adjective for implied 'aham' (Sītā).

विवर्णा (vivarṇā) - discolored (due to suffering) (discolored, pale, changed in color)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vivarṇa

vivarṇa - discolored, pale, changed in color, without caste

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+varṇa)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  indeclinable
• varṇa – color, caste, class
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied 'aham' (Sītā).

हीना (hīnā) - bereft of (deprived of, abandoned, deficient)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīna

hīna - deficient, deprived of, abandoned, left, inferior

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hā (to abandon, to leave)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied 'aham' (Sītā). Takes instrumental 'tvayā'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Rāma) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent with 'hīnā'.

संगमने (saṁgamane) - of reunion (in meeting, in union, in reunion)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃgamana

saṁgamana - meeting, union, coming together, reunion

Prefixes: sam+gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Locative of purpose or context with 'nirāśā'.

निराशा (nirāśā) - despairing (hopeless, despairing)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirāśā

nirāśā - hopeless, despairing, without hope

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āśā)

• nis – out, forth, without (prefix)
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: āś (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied 'aham' (Sītā).