वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-55, verse-18

कथमासीज्जनस्थाने युद्धं राक्षसगृध्रयोः ।
नामधेयमिदं भ्रातुश्चिरस्याद्य मया श्रुतम् ॥१८॥

18. kathamāsījjanasthāne yuddhaṃ rākṣasagṛdhrayoḥ ,
nāmadheyamidaṃ bhrātuścirasyādya mayā śrutam.

18. katham āsīt janasthāne yuddham rākṣasagṛdhrayoḥ
nāmadheyam idam bhrātuḥ cirasya adya mayā śrutam

18. katham janasthāne rākṣasagṛdhrayoḥ yuddham āsīt
adya cirasya idam bhrātuḥ nāmadheyam mayā śrutam

18. How did a battle between a demon (rākṣasa) and a vulture take place in Janasthāna? I have heard this name of my brother today after a long time.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - did take place (lit. was) (it was, there was)

• जनस्थाने (janasthāne) - in Janasthāna (in Janasthāna (a region in the forest of Daṇḍaka), in a human habitation)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, fight, war)

• राक्षसगृध्रयोः (rākṣasagṛdhrayoḥ) - between a demon (rākṣasa) and a vulture (of the two Rākṣasas and Vultures, or between the Rākṣasa and Vulture)

• नामधेयम् (nāmadheyam) - the name (name, appellation)

• इदम् (idam) - this (name) (this, he, she, it)

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of my brother (of the brother)

• चिरस्य (cirasya) - after a long time (for a long time, after a long time)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (heard, listened)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - did take place (lit. was) (it was, there was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root as (class 2), imperfect (laṅ), active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

जनस्थाने (janasthāne) - in Janasthāna (in Janasthāna (a region in the forest of Daṇḍaka), in a human habitation)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of janasthāna

janasthāna - Janasthāna (proper name, a region in Daṇḍaka forest), human habitation

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+sthāna)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• sthāna – place, abode, station
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to a specific place.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - a battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Note: Subject of āsīt.

राक्षसगृध्रयोः (rākṣasagṛdhrayoḥ) - between a demon (rākṣasa) and a vulture (of the two Rākṣasas and Vultures, or between the Rākṣasa and Vulture)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of rākṣasagṛdhra

rākṣasagṛdhra - Rākṣasa and Vulture (dual)

Compound type : dvandva (rākṣasa+gṛdhra)

• rākṣasa – demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the parties involved in the battle.

नामधेयम् (nāmadheyam) - the name (name, appellation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nāmadheya

nāmadheya - name, appellation

इदम् (idam) - this (name) (this, he, she, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'nāmadheyam'.

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of my brother (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Modifies 'nāmadheyam'.

चिरस्य (cirasya) - after a long time (for a long time, after a long time)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cira

cira - long (of time), lasting

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration or lapse of time, 'after a long time'.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Agent in a passive construction (with śrutam).

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard (heard, listened)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, famous, sacred tradition

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'nāmadheyam'.