वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-8

न सन्ति महिषा यत्र न मृगा न च हस्तिनः ।
शार्दूलाः पक्षिणो वापि ये चान्ये वनगोचराः ॥८॥

8. na santi mahiṣā yatra na mṛgā na ca hastinaḥ ,
śārdūlāḥ pakṣiṇo vāpi ye cānye vanagocarāḥ.

8. na santi mahiṣāḥ yatra na mṛgāḥ na ca hastinaḥ
śārdūlāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ vā api ye ca anye vanagocarāḥ

8. yatra mahiṣāḥ na santi mṛgāḥ na hastinaḥ ca na
śārdūlāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ vā api ca ye anye vanagocarāḥ

8. In that region, there are no buffaloes, no deer, and no elephants. Neither tigers, nor birds, nor any other forest-dwelling creatures are present.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - negation of existence (not, no, nor)

• सन्ति (santi) - they are present (they are, exist)

• महिषाः (mahiṣāḥ) - wild buffaloes (buffaloes, mighty ones)

• यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

• न (na) - negation of existence (not, no, nor)

• मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer or other quadrupeds (deer, wild animal, beast)

• न (na) - negation of existence (not, no, nor)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

• शार्दूलाः (śārdūlāḥ) - predatory cats (tigers, leopards)

• पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - avians (birds, winged creatures)

• वा (vā) - nor (in context of negation) (or, either, as if)

• अपि (api) - even, implying 'not even these' (even, also, too, moreover)

• ये (ye) - any other (forest-dwellers) (who, which, whatever)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्ये (anye) - other (types of creatures) (other, different)

• वनगोचराः (vanagocarāḥ) - animals that live in forests (forest-dwellers, moving in forests)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - negation of existence (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `santi`.

सन्ति (santi) - they are present (they are, exist)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicate for `mahiṣāḥ`.

महिषाः (mahiṣāḥ) - wild buffaloes (buffaloes, mighty ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahiṣa

mahiṣa - buffalo, mighty, great

Note: Subject of the clause.

यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the location described.

न (na) - negation of existence (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the implied verb 'santi'.

मृगाः (mṛgāḥ) - deer or other quadrupeds (deer, wild animal, beast)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mṛga

mṛga - deer, wild animal, beast

Note: Subject of the implied clause.

न (na) - negation of existence (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates `hastinaḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'mṛgāḥ' and 'hastinaḥ'.

हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hastin

hastin - elephant, having a hand (hasta)

Derived from hasta (hand/trunk) with suffix -in

Note: Subject of the implied clause.

शार्दूलाः (śārdūlāḥ) - predatory cats (tigers, leopards)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger, leopard

Note: Subject of the implied clause (na santi).

पक्षिणः (pakṣiṇaḥ) - avians (birds, winged creatures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Derived from pakṣa (wing) with suffix -in

Note: Subject of the implied clause (na santi).

वा (vā) - nor (in context of negation) (or, either, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `śārdūlāḥ` and `pakṣiṇaḥ`.

अपि (api) - even, implying 'not even these' (even, also, too, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

ये (ye) - any other (forest-dwellers) (who, which, whatever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `ye` and `anye`.

अन्ये (anye) - other (types of creatures) (other, different)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different

Note: Qualifies `vanagocarāḥ`.

वनगोचराः (vanagocarāḥ) - animals that live in forests (forest-dwellers, moving in forests)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanagocara

vanagocara - forest-dweller, moving in forests

Compound: vana (forest) + gocara (moving in, frequenting)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+gocara)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• gocara – moving in, frequenting, range, pasture
  noun (masculine)
  From √car (to move) with prefix go
  Prefix: go
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ye anye'. Implied verb 'na santi'.