वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-7

यत्र वन्ध्यफला वृक्षा विपुष्पाः पर्णवर्जिताः ।
निस्तोयाः सरितो यत्र मूलं यत्र सुदुर्लभम् ॥७॥

7. yatra vandhyaphalā vṛkṣā vipuṣpāḥ parṇavarjitāḥ ,
nistoyāḥ sarito yatra mūlaṃ yatra sudurlabham.

7. yatra vandhyaphalāḥ vṛkṣāḥ vipuṣpāḥ parṇavarjitāḥ
nistoyāḥ saritaḥ yatra mūlam yatra sudurlabham

7. yatra vṛkṣāḥ vandhyaphalāḥ vipuṣpāḥ parṇavarjitāḥ
yatra saritaḥ nistoyāḥ yatra mūlam sudurlabham

7. In that region, trees bore barren fruits, were flowerless, and devoid of leaves. Rivers were waterless, and roots were exceedingly rare.

Words meanings summery:

• यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

• वन्ध्यफलाः (vandhyaphalāḥ) - the trees had fruits that were infertile or inedible (bearing barren fruit, unproductive fruit)

• वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees in that region (trees)

• विपुष्पाः (vipuṣpāḥ) - the trees had no flowers (flowerless, devoid of flowers)

• पर्णवर्जिताः (parṇavarjitāḥ) - the trees had no leaves (devoid of leaves, leafless)

• निस्तोयाः (nistoyāḥ) - the rivers had no water (waterless, devoid of water, dry)

• सरितः (saritaḥ) - the rivers in that region (rivers, streams)

• यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

• मूलम् (mūlam) - edible roots for sustenance (root, origin, foundation)

• यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

• सुदुर्लभम् (sudurlabham) - roots were almost impossible to find (extremely rare, very difficult to obtain, scarce)

Words meanings and morphology

यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a descriptive clause about the place.

वन्ध्यफलाः (vandhyaphalāḥ) - the trees had fruits that were infertile or inedible (bearing barren fruit, unproductive fruit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vandhyaphala

vandhyaphala - bearing barren fruit, unproductive fruit

Compound: vandhyā (barren) + phala (fruit)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vandhyā+phala)

• vandhyā – barren, sterile, unproductive
  adjective (feminine)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `vṛkṣāḥ`.

वृक्षाः (vṛkṣāḥ) - trees in that region (trees)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Subject of the clause.

विपुष्पाः (vipuṣpāḥ) - the trees had no flowers (flowerless, devoid of flowers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vipuṣpa

vipuṣpa - flowerless, without blossoms

Compound: vi (without, negation) + puṣpa (flower)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+puṣpa)

• vi – without, devoid of (prefix)
  indeclinable
• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `vṛkṣāḥ`.

पर्णवर्जिताः (parṇavarjitāḥ) - the trees had no leaves (devoid of leaves, leafless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parṇavarjita

parṇavarjita - devoid of leaves, leafless

Compound: parṇa (leaf) + varjita (abandoned, devoid)

Compound type : tatpurusha (parṇa+varjita)

• parṇa – leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• varjita – abandoned, devoid of, excluded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vṛj (to abandon)
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `vṛkṣāḥ`.

निस्तोयाः (nistoyāḥ) - the rivers had no water (waterless, devoid of water, dry)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nistoya

nistoya - waterless, devoid of water

Compound: nis (without) + toya (water)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+toya)

• nis – out, without, negation (prefix)
  indeclinable
• toya – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tu (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `saritaḥ`.

सरितः (saritaḥ) - the rivers in that region (rivers, streams)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarit

sarit - river, stream

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeats for another descriptive clause.

मूलम् (mūlam) - edible roots for sustenance (root, origin, foundation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation

Note: Subject of the clause.

यत्र (yatra) - in the newly entered region (where, in which place, wherein)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeats for another descriptive clause.

सुदुर्लभम् (sudurlabham) - roots were almost impossible to find (extremely rare, very difficult to obtain, scarce)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudurlabha

sudurlabha - extremely rare, very difficult to obtain, scarce

Compound: su (very, well) + dur (difficult) + labha (obtainable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+durlabha)

• su – good, well, very (prefix)
  indeclinable
• durlabha – difficult to obtain, rare
  adjective (neuter)
  Compound: dur (difficult) + labha (obtainable), from √labh (to obtain)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `mūlam`.