वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-12

तेन धर्मात्मना शप्तं कृत्स्नं तत्र महद्वनम् ।
अशरण्यं दुराधर्षं मृगपक्षिविवर्जितम् ॥१२॥

12. tena dharmātmanā śaptaṃ kṛtsnaṃ tatra mahadvanam ,
aśaraṇyaṃ durādharṣaṃ mṛgapakṣivivarjitam.

12. tena dharmātmanā śaptam kṛtsnam tatra mahadvanam
aśaraṇyam durādharṣam mṛgapakṣivivarjitam

12. tena dharmātmanā tatra kṛtsnam mahadvanam
aśaraṇyam durādharṣam mṛgapakṣivivarjitam śaptam

12. That righteous one (dharmātman) then cursed the entire great forest to be a place without refuge, unassailable, and devoid of deer and birds.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by the sage Kaṇḍu (by him)

• धर्मात्मना (dharmātmanā) - by the sage Kaṇḍu, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, despite his anger (by the righteous one, by the one whose nature is righteousness)

• शप्तम् (śaptam) - cursed

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• महद्वनम् (mahadvanam) - great forest

• अशरण्यम् (aśaraṇyam) - without refuge, affording no protection, helpless

• दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to approach, unassailable, formidable

• मृगपक्षिविवर्जितम् (mṛgapakṣivivarjitam) - devoid of deer and birds

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by the sage Kaṇḍu (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

धर्मात्मना (dharmātmanā) - by the sage Kaṇḍu, whose intrinsic nature (dharma) was righteousness, despite his anger (by the righteous one, by the one whose nature is righteousness)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous, virtuous, of a religious nature, whose soul/nature is dharma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, constitution (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tena'

शप्तम् (śaptam) - cursed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śapta

śapta - cursed, sworn

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √śap (to curse, swear)

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahadvanam'

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - all, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'mahadvanam'

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the location of the forest

महद्वनम् (mahadvanam) - great forest

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahadvana

mahadvana - great forest

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+vana)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

अशरण्यम् (aśaraṇyam) - without refuge, affording no protection, helpless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśaraṇya

aśaraṇya - without refuge, helpless, affording no protection

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śaraṇya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  negation prefix
• śaraṇya – affording protection, refuge, asylum
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From √śṛ (to crush, injure), with causative and -ṇya suffix, meaning 'to be resorted to for shelter'
  Root: śṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahadvanam'

दुराधर्षम् (durādharṣam) - difficult to approach, unassailable, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - difficult to attack or approach, unassailable, unconquerable

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dur+ādharṣa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• ādharṣa – assailing, attacking, challenging
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun
  From ā + √dhṛṣ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahadvanam'

मृगपक्षिविवर्जितम् (mṛgapakṣivivarjitam) - devoid of deer and birds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛgapakṣivivarjita

mṛgapakṣivivarjita - devoid of or free from deer and birds

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mṛga+pakṣi+vivarjita)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛg (class 1)
• pakṣi – bird
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pakṣ (class 1)
• vivarjita – deprived of, devoid of, excluded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from vi + √vṛj (to avoid, abandon)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mahadvanam'