वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-5

ते भक्षयन्तो मूलानि फलानि विविधानि च ।
अन्वेषमाणा दुर्धर्षा न्यवसंस्तत्र तत्र ह ।
स तु देशो दुरन्वेषो गुहागहनवान्महान् ॥५॥

5. te bhakṣayanto mūlāni phalāni vividhāni ca ,
anveṣamāṇā durdharṣā nyavasaṃstatra tatra ha ,
sa tu deśo duranveṣo guhāgahanavānmahān.

5. te bhakṣayantaḥ mūlāni phalāni
vividhāni ca anveṣamāṇāḥ durdharṣāḥ
nyavasan tatra tatra ha saḥ tu
deśaḥ duranveṣaḥ guhāgahanavān mahān

5. te durdharṣāḥ bhakṣayantaḥ mūlāni
ca vividhāni phalāni anveṣamāṇāḥ
nyavasan tatra tatra ha saḥ tu
deśaḥ duranveṣaḥ mahān guhāgahanavān

5. Those invincible ones, consuming roots and various fruits, settled here and there while searching. But that region was vast, difficult to explore, and filled with deep caves.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the Vanaras (monkeys) (they, those)

• भक्षयन्तः (bhakṣayantaḥ) - eating (roots and fruits) (eating, consuming)

• मूलानि (mūlāni) - edible roots (roots, origin)

• फलानि (phalāni) - edible fruits (fruits, results, consequences)

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various types (of fruits) (various, manifold, diverse)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अन्वेषमाणाः (anveṣamāṇāḥ) - searching for Sita or food/water (searching, seeking, investigating)

• दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - the mighty Vanaras (difficult to overcome, invincible, unassailable)

• न्यवसन् (nyavasan) - they made temporary dwellings (they settled, resided, lived)

• तत्र (tatra) - in various places (there, in that place)

• तत्र (tatra) - in various places (there, in that place)

• ह (ha) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, verily (particle))

• सः (saḥ) - that (region) (that, he)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• देशः (deśaḥ) - a particular geographic region (region, country, place)

• दुरन्वेषः (duranveṣaḥ) - hard to explore (difficult to search, difficult to find, inaccessible)

• गुहागहनवान् (guhāgahanavān) - filled with deep caves (guhā) and impenetrable thickets (gahana) (having caves and thickets, full of deep ravines/caves)

• महान् (mahān) - vast in size (great, vast, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the Vanaras (monkeys) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

भक्षयन्तः (bhakṣayantaḥ) - eating (roots and fruits) (eating, consuming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhakṣayat

bhakṣayat - eating, consuming

Present Active Participle

From √bhakṣ (to eat) in causative form (bhakṣaya) + śatṛ suffix

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

मूलानि (mūlāni) - edible roots (roots, origin)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mūla

mūla - root, origin, foundation

Note: Object of `bhakṣayantaḥ`.

फलानि (phalāni) - edible fruits (fruits, results, consequences)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence

Note: Object of `bhakṣayantaḥ`.

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various types (of fruits) (various, manifold, diverse)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse

Note: Qualifies `phalāni`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'mūlāni' and 'phalāni'.

अन्वेषमाणाः (anveṣamāṇāḥ) - searching for Sita or food/water (searching, seeking, investigating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anveṣamāṇa

anveṣamāṇa - searching, seeking

Present Middle Participle

From √iṣ (to seek) with prefix anu + causative (eṣaya) + śānac suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

दुर्धर्षाः (durdharṣāḥ) - the mighty Vanaras (difficult to overcome, invincible, unassailable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of durdharṣa

durdharṣa - invincible, unassailable, difficult to subdue

Compound: dur (difficult) + dharṣa (daring, assault)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+dharṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – assault, attack, daring
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛṣ (to be bold)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'te'.

न्यवसन् (nyavasan) - they made temporary dwellings (they settled, resided, lived)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vas

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Root `vas` with prefix `ni`.

तत्र (tatra) - in various places (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition 'tatra tatra' means 'here and there'.

तत्र (tatra) - in various places (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

ह (ha) - (emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, verily (particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle expressing emphasis.

सः (saḥ) - that (region) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to `deśaḥ`.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrast.

देशः (deśaḥ) - a particular geographic region (region, country, place)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - region, country, place

Note: Subject of the clause.

दुरन्वेषः (duranveṣaḥ) - hard to explore (difficult to search, difficult to find, inaccessible)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duranveṣa

duranveṣa - difficult to search, inaccessible, hard to investigate

Compound: dur (difficult) + anveṣa (searching)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+anveṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
• anveṣa – seeking, searching
  noun (masculine)
  From √iṣ (to seek) with prefix anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `deśaḥ`.

गुहागहनवान् (guhāgahanavān) - filled with deep caves (guhā) and impenetrable thickets (gahana) (having caves and thickets, full of deep ravines/caves)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guhāgahanavat

guhāgahanavat - having caves and thickets, full of deep ravines/caves

Compound: guhā (cave) + gahana (deep, thicket) + -vat (possessive suffix)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (guhā+gahana)

• guhā – cave, cavern
  noun (feminine)
• gahana – deep, dense, thicket, impenetrable
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `deśaḥ`.

महान् (mahān) - vast in size (great, vast, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, vast, large, mighty

Note: Qualifies `deśaḥ`.