वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-18

तमापतन्तं सहसा वालिपुत्रो ऽङ्गदस्तदा ।
रावणो ऽयमिति ज्ञात्वा तलेनाभिजघान ह ॥१८॥

18. tamāpatantaṃ sahasā vāliputro'ṅgadastadā ,
rāvaṇo'yamiti jñātvā talenābhijaghāna ha.

18. tam āpatantam sahasā vāliputraḥ aṅgadaḥ tadā
rāvaṇaḥ ayam iti jñātvā talena abhijaghāna ha

18. tadā vāliputraḥ aṅgadaḥ sahasā āpatantam tam
'ayam rāvaṇaḥ' iti jñātvā talena abhijaghāna ha

18. At that moment, Aṅgada, the son of Vāli, suddenly recognizing him as "Rāvaṇa" as he rushed towards them, struck him with the palm of his hand.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling down

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

• वालिपुत्रः (vāliputraḥ) - Vāli's son

• अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Aṅgada (proper name)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, recognizing

• तलेन (talena) - with the palm of his hand (with the palm, by the surface)

• अभिजघान (abhijaghāna) - he struck

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of abhijaghāna, refers to the demon

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatant

āpatant - approaching, falling down

Present Active Participle

From ā + pat + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: √pat (class 1)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly, quickly

(indeclinable)

From sahas (strength, force)

वालिपुत्रः (vāliputraḥ) - Vāli's son

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāliputra

vāliputra - son of Vāli

Compound type : tatpurusha (vālin+putra)

• vālin – Vāli (name of a monkey king)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the verb

अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Aṅgada (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Aṅgada (name of Vāli's son)

Note: Subject of the verb

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad + dā suffix

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king)

Note: Predicate nominative in the quote "This is Rāvaṇa"

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Subject of the implied verb "is" within the quote

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote

(indeclinable)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, recognizing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From √jñā + ktvā suffix

Root: √jñā (class 9)

तलेन (talena) - with the palm of his hand (with the palm, by the surface)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tala

tala - palm (of hand), sole (of foot), surface, flat part

Note: Instrument of the action

अभिजघान (abhijaghāna) - he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √han

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, reduplicated ja-han

Prefix: abhi

Root: √han (class 2)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (particle)

(indeclinable)