वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-2

स तु दूरमुपागम्य सर्वैस्तैः कपिसत्तमैः ।
विचिनोति स्म विन्ध्यस्य गुहाश्च गहनानि च ॥२॥

2. sa tu dūramupāgamya sarvaistaiḥ kapisattamaiḥ ,
vicinoti sma vindhyasya guhāśca gahanāni ca.

2. saḥ tu dūram upāgamya sarvaiḥ taiḥ kapi-sattamaiḥ
vicinoti sma vindhyasya guhāḥ ca gahanāni ca

2. saḥ tu sarvaiḥ taiḥ kapi-sattamaiḥ dūram upāgamya
vindhyasya guhāḥ ca gahanāni ca vicinoti sma

2. And he, having journeyed far along with all those excellent monkeys, began to search the caves and dense forests of the Vindhya mountain range.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, yet)

• दूरम् (dūram) - a great distance (adverbially) (far, distant; a great distance)

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having journeyed/approached far (having approached)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (of those monkeys) (by all)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those (monkeys) (by those)

• कपि-सत्तमैः (kapi-sattamaiḥ) - by the excellent monkeys (who accompanied Hanuman) (by the best of monkeys)

• विचिनोति (vicinoti) - he searched (with 'sma') (he searches, seeks out)

• स्म (sma) - indicates past tense (indeed, certainly; particle used to indicate past tense with present verbs)

• विन्ध्यस्य (vindhyasya) - of the Vindhya mountain range (of the Vindhya mountains)

• गुहाः (guhāḥ) - caves (in the Vindhya mountains) (caves)

• च (ca) - and

• गहनानि (gahanāni) - dense forests and thickets (dense places, thickets, inaccessible places)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanuman) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - indeed (emphasizing the action) (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle

दूरम् (dūram) - a great distance (adverbially) (far, distant; a great distance)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of accusative singular neuter adjective

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - having journeyed/approached far (having approached)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (lyap)

From root gam (1P) with upasargas upa- and ā-, and suffix -ya

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive participle (lyap form)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all (of those monkeys) (by all)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

तैः (taiḥ) - by those (monkeys) (by those)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कपि-सत्तमैः (kapi-sattamaiḥ) - by the excellent monkeys (who accompanied Hanuman) (by the best of monkeys)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kapi-sattama

kapi-sattama - best of monkeys, excellent monkey

Tatpurusha compound indicating 'best among monkeys' or Karmadharaya 'best monkey'

Compound type : tatpurusha (kapi+sattama)

• kapi – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama

विचिनोति (vicinoti) - he searched (with 'sma') (he searches, seeks out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of ci

present active

From root ci (5P) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: When combined with 'sma', indicates past tense

स्म (sma) - indicates past tense (indeed, certainly; particle used to indicate past tense with present verbs)

(indeclinable)

विन्ध्यस्य (vindhyasya) - of the Vindhya mountain range (of the Vindhya mountains)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vindhya

vindhya - Vindhya (a mountain range in central India)

गुहाः (guhāḥ) - caves (in the Vindhya mountains) (caves)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of guhā

guhā - cave, cavern

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction

गहनानि (gahanāni) - dense forests and thickets (dense places, thickets, inaccessible places)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of gahana

gahana - dense, deep, impenetrable; a thicket, forest

Note: Adjective used as a noun

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction