वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-47, verse-16

तं दृष्ट्वा वनरा घोरं स्थितं शैलमिवापरम् ।
गाढं परिहिताः सर्वे दृष्ट्वा तं पर्वतोपमम् ॥१६॥

16. taṃ dṛṣṭvā vanarā ghoraṃ sthitaṃ śailamivāparam ,
gāḍhaṃ parihitāḥ sarve dṛṣṭvā taṃ parvatopamam.

16. tam dṛṣṭvā vanarāḥ ghoram sthitam śailam iva aparam
gāḍham parihitāḥ sarve dṛṣṭvā tam parvatopamam

16. sarve vanarāḥ aparam śailam iva sthitam tam ghoram
dṛṣṭvā tam parvatopamam dṛṣṭvā gāḍham parihitāḥ

16. Having seen him, the dreadful one, standing like another mountain, all the monkeys, perceiving that mountain-like figure, braced themselves firmly.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (the demon) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• वनराः (vanarāḥ) - monkeys, forest-dwellers

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, existing

• शैलम् (śailam) - mountain, rock

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• अपरम् (aparam) - another, other, different

• गाढम् (gāḍham) - firmly, tightly, greatly, intensely

• परिहिताः (parihitāḥ) - braced themselves (for confrontation) (braced, prepared, arrayed, surrounded, clothed)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तम् (tam) - him (the demon) (him, that)

• पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (the demon) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Accusative singular masculine, referring to the demon.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root dṛś + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वनराः (vanarāḥ) - monkeys, forest-dwellers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanara

vanara - monkey, forest-dweller

Note: Subject of the sentence.

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fierce

Root: ghūrṇ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (the demon).

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing, situated, existing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, existing

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā + kta suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (the demon).

शैलम् (śailam) - mountain, rock

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaila

śaila - mountain, rock, hill

Root: śilā

Note: Object of comparison with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

अपरम् (aparam) - another, other, different

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apara

apara - other, another, different

Note: Agrees with 'śailam'.

गाढम् (gāḍham) - firmly, tightly, greatly, intensely

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

from root gāh + kta suffix

Root: gāh (class 1)

Note: Adverb modifying 'parihitāḥ'.

परिहिताः (parihitāḥ) - braced themselves (for confrontation) (braced, prepared, arrayed, surrounded, clothed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parihita

parihita - put on, wrapped, girded, braced, prepared

Past Passive Participle

from pari-dhā + kta suffix

Prefix: pari

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'vanarāḥ' and 'sarve'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with 'vanarāḥ'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

from root dṛś + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Repetition for emphasis.

तम् (tam) - him (the demon) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Accusative singular masculine, referring to the demon. Repetition for emphasis.

पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvatopama

parvatopama - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

Compound type : upamitāvyaya (parvata+upama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ
• upama – likeness, comparison, resembling
  adjective
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (the demon).