वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-33, verse-9

शतमश्वानृते हन्ति सहस्रं तु गवानृते ।
आत्मानं स्वजनं हन्ति पुरुषः पुरुषानृते ॥९॥

9. śatamaśvānṛte hanti sahasraṃ tu gavānṛte ,
ātmānaṃ svajanaṃ hanti puruṣaḥ puruṣānṛte.

9. śatam aśvānṛte hanti sahasram tu gavānṛte
ātmānam svajanam hanti puruṣaḥ puruṣānṛte

9. puruṣaḥ aśvānṛte śatam hanti tu gavānṛte
sahasram hanti puruṣānṛte ātmānam svajanam hanti

9. A falsehood (anṛta) concerning horses destroys (the merit of) a hundred horses. But a falsehood concerning cows destroys (the merit of) a thousand cows. A man who utters a falsehood (anṛta) concerning a person destroys himself and his own people (svajana), and his very self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• शतम् (śatam) - the merit associated with a hundred (horses/sacrifices) (a hundred)

• अश्वानृते (aśvānṛte) - due to an untruth concerning horses (regarding a lie about horses)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (the merit of) (kills, destroys, harms)

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - the merit associated with a thousand (cows/donations) (a thousand)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• गवानृते (gavānṛte) - due to an untruth concerning cows (regarding a lie about cows)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

• स्वजनम् (svajanam) - his own kin (one's own people, kinsfolk)

• हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (kills, destroys, harms)

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man (man, person, human being)

• पुरुषानृते (puruṣānṛte) - due to an untruth concerning a person (regarding a lie about a person)

Words meanings and morphology

शतम् (śatam) - the merit associated with a hundred (horses/sacrifices) (a hundred)

(numeral)

Note: Acts as object here.

अश्वानृते (aśvānṛte) - due to an untruth concerning horses (regarding a lie about horses)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of aśvānṛta

aśvānṛta - a lie concerning horses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+anṛta)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• anṛta – untruth, lie
  noun (neuter)
  Formed from 'ṛta' (truth) with 'a-' negative prefix
  Prefix: a

Note: Locative of cause/circumstance.

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (the merit of) (kills, destroys, harms)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: han (class 2)

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - the merit associated with a thousand (cows/donations) (a thousand)

(numeral)

Note: Acts as object here.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

गवानृते (gavānṛte) - due to an untruth concerning cows (regarding a lie about cows)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gavānṛta

gavānṛta - a lie concerning cows

Formed from 'go' (cow) + 'anṛta' (untruth)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+anṛta)

• go – cow, ox
  noun (masculine/feminine)
• anṛta – untruth, lie
  noun (neuter)
  Formed from 'ṛta' (truth) with 'a-' negative prefix
  Prefix: a

Note: Locative of cause/circumstance.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - his own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Root: an

स्वजनम् (svajanam) - his own kin (one's own people, kinsfolk)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svajana

svajana - one's own people, kinsfolk

Compound formed from 'sva' (one's own) + 'jana' (person)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+jana)

• sva – one's own, self
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

हन्ति (hanti) - destroys (kills, destroys, harms)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of han

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Root: han (class 2)

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - a man (man, person, human being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, person, human being, spirit

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पुरुषानृते (puruṣānṛte) - due to an untruth concerning a person (regarding a lie about a person)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of puruṣānṛta

puruṣānṛta - a lie concerning a person

Formed from 'puruṣa' (person) + 'anṛta' (untruth)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+anṛta)

• puruṣa – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• anṛta – untruth, lie
  noun (neuter)
  Formed from 'ṛta' (truth) with 'a-' negative prefix
  Prefix: a

Note: Locative of cause/circumstance.