वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-33, verse-15

स त्वं ग्राम्येषु भोगेषु सक्तो मिथ्या प्रतिश्रवः ।
न त्वां रामो विजानीते सर्पं मण्डूकराविणम् ॥१५॥

15. sa tvaṃ grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu sakto mithyā pratiśravaḥ ,
na tvāṃ rāmo vijānīte sarpaṃ maṇḍūkarāviṇam.

15. saḥ tvam grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu saktaḥ mithyā pratiśravaḥ
na tvām rāmaḥ vijānīte sarpam maṇḍūkarāviṇam

15. saḥ tvam grāmyeṣu bhogeṣu saktaḥ [asi] mithyā pratiśravaḥ [ca asi].
rāmaḥ tvām sarpam maṇḍūkarāviṇam [iva] na vijānīte.

15. You, that very person, addicted to common pleasures and having made false promises – Rama does not truly know you. You are like a snake that croaks like a frog.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (emphatic, referring back to the 'you' of previous verses) (that, he)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• ग्राम्येषु (grāmyeṣu) - in common/vulgar (pleasures) (in village-like, in common, in vulgar)

• भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in pleasures (in enjoyments, in pleasures, in possessions)

• सक्तः (saktaḥ) - attached/addicted (attached, addicted, engrossed)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely (falsely, wrongly, in vain)

• प्रतिश्रवः (pratiśravaḥ) - (one who has) false promises (promise, assent, echo)

• न (na) - not

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• विजानीते (vijānīte) - recognizes/knows truly (knows, recognizes, discerns)

• सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake

• मण्डूकराविणम् (maṇḍūkarāviṇam) - croaking like a frog

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (emphatic, referring back to the 'you' of previous verses) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used to refer back to the subject 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

ग्राम्येषु (grāmyeṣu) - in common/vulgar (pleasures) (in village-like, in common, in vulgar)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of grāmya

grāmya - belonging to a village, rustic, common, vulgar, sensual

Derived from 'grāma' (village).

Note: Qualifies 'bhogeṣu'.

भोगेषु (bhogeṣu) - in pleasures (in enjoyments, in pleasures, in possessions)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhoga

bhoga - enjoyment, pleasure, possession, food, experience

Derived from root 'bhuj' (to enjoy).

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to sensory or worldly pleasures.

सक्तः (saktaḥ) - attached/addicted (attached, addicted, engrossed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakta

sakta - attached, adhering, devoted to, capable of

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'sañj' (to cling, to be attached).

Root: sañj (class 7)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely (falsely, wrongly, in vain)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

प्रतिश्रवः (pratiśravaḥ) - (one who has) false promises (promise, assent, echo)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratiśrava

pratiśrava - promise, assent, echo, agreement

Derived from 'śru' (to hear) with 'prati-'.

Prefix: prati

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Used adjectivally in connection with 'mithyā'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'vijānīte'.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper noun), pleasing, charming

Note: Subject of 'vijānīte'.

विजानीते (vijānīte) - recognizes/knows truly (knows, recognizes, discerns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vijñā

Present Middle Indicative

Derived from 'jñā' (to know) with the prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्पम् (sarpam) - a snake

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Derived from root 'sṛp' (to creep).

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'tvām' or object of 'vijānīte' in the sense of 'recognizes you as a snake'.

मण्डूकराविणम् (maṇḍūkarāviṇam) - croaking like a frog

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maṇḍūkarāvin

maṇḍūkarāvin - croaking like a frog, sounding like a frog

Compound of 'maṇḍūka' (frog) and 'rāvin' (crying, sounding).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (maṇḍūka+rāvin)

• maṇḍūka – frog
  noun (masculine)
• rāvin – sounding, crying, making noise
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'ru' (to cry, sound) with suffix '-in'.
  Root: ru (class 2)

Note: The comparison is to a snake (which is dangerous) making the innocent sound of a frog (to lure it).