वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-33, verse-10

पूर्वं कृतार्थो मित्राणां न तत् प्रतिकरोति यः ।
कृतघ्नः सर्वभूतानां स वध्यः प्लवगेश्वर ॥१०॥

10. pūrvaṃ kṛtārtho mitrāṇāṃ na tat pratikaroti yaḥ ,
kṛtaghnaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ sa vadhyaḥ plavageśvara.

10. pūrvam kṛtārthaḥ mitrāṇām na tat pratikaroti yaḥ
kṛtaghnaḥ sarvabhūtānām saḥ vadhyaḥ plavageśvara

10. plavageśvara yaḥ pūrvam mitrāṇām kṛtārthaḥ tat na
pratikaroti saḥ sarvabhūtānām kṛtaghnaḥ vadhyaḥ

10. O lord of monkeys (plavageśvara), he who, having formerly received a favor from friends, does not return it, and is thus ungrateful (kṛtaghna) to all beings, is worthy of being killed.

Words meanings summery:

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - having previously (formerly, previously, before)

• कृतार्थः (kṛtārthaḥ) - having received a favor/benefit (having achieved one's purpose, successful, one for whom the purpose is accomplished)

• मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - from friends (genitive of source/relation) (of friends)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तत् (tat) - that (favor/benefit) (that, it)

• प्रतिकरोति (pratikaroti) - returns (the favor) (returns, requites, retaliates)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that)

• कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful (ungrateful, destroyer of kindness)

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - to all beings (of all beings)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - worthy of being killed (to be killed, punishable by death, deserving of death)

• प्लवगेश्वर (plavageśvara) - O lord of monkeys (vocative) (lord of monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - having previously (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'pūrva'

कृतार्थः (kṛtārthaḥ) - having received a favor/benefit (having achieved one's purpose, successful, one for whom the purpose is accomplished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtārtha

kṛtārtha - successful, having achieved one's purpose

Compound formed from kṛta (done) and artha (purpose/benefit)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+artha)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, benefit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ'.

मित्राणाम् (mitrāṇām) - from friends (genitive of source/relation) (of friends)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion

Note: Denotes source or relation for the "kṛtārtha" state.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'pratikaroti'.

तत् (tat) - that (favor/benefit) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of 'pratikaroti'.

प्रतिकरोति (pratikaroti) - returns (the favor) (returns, requites, retaliates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratikṛ

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular

Prefix: prati

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of the subordinate clause.

कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful (ungrateful, destroyer of kindness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, destroyer of kindness

Compound formed from kṛta (done/kindness) and ghna (destroyer)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, kindness, favor
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do), used as a noun
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – killer, destroyer
  noun (masculine)
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'saḥ'.

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - to all beings (of all beings)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, every creature

Compound formed from sarva (all) and bhūta (being)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be), used as a noun
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates towards whom the ingratitude is directed.

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - worthy of being killed (to be killed, punishable by death, deserving of death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, punishable by death

Gerundive

From root han (to kill), with suffix -ya. Root han changes to vadh.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'saḥ'.

प्लवगेश्वर (plavageśvara) - O lord of monkeys (vocative) (lord of monkeys)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of plavageśvara

plavageśvara - lord of monkeys

Compound formed from plavaga (monkey) and īśvara (lord)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (plavaga+īśvara)

• plavaga – monkey
  noun (masculine)
  literally 'one who goes by leaping'
  Root: plu (class 1)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)