वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-33, verse-1

तमप्रतिहतं क्रुद्धं प्रविष्टं पुरुषर्षभम् ।
सुग्रीवो लक्ष्मणं दृष्ट्वा बभूव व्यथितेन्द्रियः ॥१॥

1. tamapratihataṃ kruddhaṃ praviṣṭaṃ puruṣarṣabham ,
sugrīvo lakṣmaṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā babhūva vyathitendriyaḥ.

1. tam apratīhatam kruddham praviṣṭam puruṣarṣabham
sugrīvaḥ lakṣmaṇam dṛṣṭvā babhūva vyathitendriyaḥ

1. sugrīvaḥ tam apratīhatam kruddham praviṣṭam
puruṣarṣabham lakṣmaṇam dṛṣṭvā vyathitendriyaḥ babhūva

1. Upon seeing Lakshmana, who was furious, unrestrained, and had entered like a mighty bull among men, Sugriva became greatly distressed in his senses.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• अप्रतीहतम् (apratīhatam) - unrestrained, unobstructed, irresistible

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - angry, enraged

• प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered, having entered

• पुरुषर्षभम् (puruṣarṣabham) - best among men, a great man, a bull among men

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (name)

• लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened

• व्यथितेन्द्रियः (vyathitendriyaḥ) - whose senses were agitated/disturbed, distressed in senses

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

अप्रतीहतम् (apratīhatam) - unrestrained, unobstructed, irresistible

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apratīhata

apratīhata - unobstructed, unrestrained, invincible

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root han (to strike, seize) with prati- (against) and negative prefix a-

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+prati+hata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• hata – struck, killed, obstructed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered, having entered

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, penetrated

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

पुरुषर्षभम् (puruṣarṣabham) - best among men, a great man, a bull among men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣarṣabha

puruṣarṣabha - a bull among men, foremost among men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, person, male
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - Sugriva (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

लक्ष्मणम् (lakṣmaṇam) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Gerund formed from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

बभूव (babhūva) - became, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect tense

Root bhū, class 1, perfect 3rd person singular active

Root: bhū (class 1)

व्यथितेन्द्रियः (vyathitendriyaḥ) - whose senses were agitated/disturbed, distressed in senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathitendriya

vyathitendriya - one whose senses are agitated or disturbed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyathita+indriya)

• vyathita – agitated, distressed, troubled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vyath (to tremble, be agitated)
  Root: vyath (class 1)
• indriya – sense, sense organ, faculty
  noun (neuter)