वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-14, verse-13

अनृतं नोक्तपूर्वं मे वीर कृच्छ्रे ऽपि तिष्ठता ।
धर्मलोभपरीतेन न च वक्ष्ये कथं चन ॥१३॥

13. anṛtaṃ noktapūrvaṃ me vīra kṛcchre'pi tiṣṭhatā ,
dharmalobhaparītena na ca vakṣye kathaṃ cana.

13. anṛtam na uktapūrvam me vīra kṛcchre api tiṣṭhatā
dharmalobhaparītena na ca vakṣye katham cana

13. vīra me anṛtam kṛcchre api tiṣṭhatā na uktapūrvam
ca dharmalobhaparītena katham cana na vakṣye

13. O hero, I have never spoken an untruth, not even when I was in distress. Nor will I ever speak one, being overcome by greed for material gain (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - an untruth (untruth, lie, falsehood)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• उक्तपूर्वम् (uktapūrvam) - previously spoken (previously said, said before)

• मे (me) - by me (by me, for me)

• वीर (vīra) - O hero! (O hero! brave one!)

• कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in distress (in difficulty, in distress, in trouble)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by one who was (standing in distress) (by one standing, by one remaining)

• धर्मलोभपरीतेन (dharmalobhaparītena) - being overcome by greed for material gain (dharma) (by one overcome by greed for (dharma) material gain/wealth)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• च (ca) - nor (and, also)

• वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will speak (I shall speak, I will say)

• कथम् (katham) - in any way (how, why)

• चन (cana) - any (with 'katham') (even, also, any (when combined with interrogatives))

Words meanings and morphology

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - an untruth (untruth, lie, falsehood)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, false, a lie, falsehood, unrighteous

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ṛta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, righteous, true
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the passive past participle.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

उक्तपूर्वम् (uktapūrvam) - previously spoken (previously said, said before)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uktapūrva

uktapūrva - previously said, formerly spoken

Compound of PPP and a noun

Compound of 'ukta' (PPP of 'vac') and 'pūrva' (former)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ukta+pūrva)

• ukta – said, spoken, declared
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vac' (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• pūrva – former, previous, earlier
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'anṛtam'.

मे (me) - by me (by me, for me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Enclitic pronominal form. Often functions as agent with participles where 'mayā' would be used.

वीर (vīra) - O hero! (O hero! brave one!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty, warrior

Note: Term of address.

कृच्छ्रे (kṛcchre) - in distress (in difficulty, in distress, in trouble)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficulty, trouble, distress, pain

Note: Indicates circumstances.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठता (tiṣṭhatā) - by one who was (standing in distress) (by one standing, by one remaining)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, remaining, existing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'sthā'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the agent, "me" (implied by 'me').

धर्मलोभपरीतेन (dharmalobhaparītena) - being overcome by greed for material gain (dharma) (by one overcome by greed for (dharma) material gain/wealth)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmalobhaparīta

dharmalobhaparīta - overcome by greed for wealth or merit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+lobha+parīta)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, virtue, wealth, merit
  noun (masculine)
• lobha – greed, covetousness, desire
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – encompassed, surrounded, assailed, overcome
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'pari'
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Describes the agent, "me".

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - nor (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will speak (I shall speak, I will say)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future tense, Ātmanepada, 1st person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - in any way (how, why)

(indeclinable)

चन (cana) - any (with 'katham') (even, also, any (when combined with interrogatives))

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms 'kathaṃ cana' meaning 'in any way'.