वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-14, verse-12

प्रत्यक्षं सप्त ते साला मया बाणेन दारिताः ।
ततो वेत्सि बलेनाद्य बालिनं निहतं मया ॥१२॥

12. pratyakṣaṃ sapta te sālā mayā bāṇena dāritāḥ ,
tato vetsi balenādya bālinaṃ nihataṃ mayā.

12. pratyakṣam sapta te sālāḥ mayā bāṇena dāritāḥ
tataḥ vetsi balena adya bālinaṃ nihataṃ mayā

12. te sapta sālāḥ mayā bāṇena pratyakṣam dāritāḥ
tataḥ adya mayā balena bālinaṃ nihataṃ vetsi

12. You have seen directly how those seven sāla trees were pierced by me with an arrow. Therefore, today you know that Bali was killed by me through my strength.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly (directly, visibly, before the eyes, perceptibly)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• ते (te) - those (referring to the trees) (those, they)

• सालाः (sālāḥ) - sāla trees

• मया (mayā) - by me

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - with an arrow (by an arrow)

• दारिताः (dāritāḥ) - pierced (pierced, split, torn)

• ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from this evidence (then, therefore, from that)

• वेत्सि (vetsi) - you now understand (you know, you understand)

• बलेन (balena) - through my strength (by strength, with power)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• बालिनं (bālinaṁ) - Bali (a proper noun)

• निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed (killed, struck down, slain)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly (directly, visibly, before the eyes, perceptibly)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣi)

• prati – towards, against, in front of, every
  indeclinable
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adverbial usage.

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'sālāḥ'.

ते (te) - those (referring to the trees) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it, those

Note: Demonstrative pronoun agreeing with 'sālāḥ'.

सालाः (sālāḥ) - sāla trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sāla

sāla - sāla tree (Shorea robusta)

Note: Subject of the implied past passive action.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - with an arrow (by an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Instrument of the action.

दारिताः (dāritāḥ) - pierced (pierced, split, torn)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dārita

dārita - torn, split, pierced, burst

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dṛ' (to tear, split) in causal form.

Root: dṛ (class 6)

Note: Used predicatively, implying "were pierced".

ततः (tataḥ) - therefore, from this evidence (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two statements logically.

वेत्सि (vetsi) - you now understand (you know, you understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present tense, Parasmaipada, 2nd person singular

Root: vid (class 2)

बलेन (balena) - through my strength (by strength, with power)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

Note: Indicates the means.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

बालिनं (bālinaṁ) - Bali (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bālin

bālin - Bali (name of a Vanara king)

Note: Object of 'nihataṃ' and implicitly 'vetsi'.

निहतं (nihataṁ) - killed (killed, struck down, slain)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' with upasarga 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used predicatively with 'bālinaṃ' and 'mayā'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Agent in the passive construction "nihataṃ mayā".